Scientific Thinking Lecture Notes PDF

Course Name: “Scientific Thinking” Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University sinaiuniversity.net Scientific Thinking Science,...

Course Name: “Scientific Thinking” Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University sinaiuniversity.net Scientific Thinking Science, Thinking & Scientific Thinking [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Thinking Thinking is the mental process that makes you produce thoughts. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Types of Thinking When we face a problem, we will not all think the same way, we will differ in the way we solve the problem. When you look at a problem or a question, what method do you use to solve it? ❑ Do you look at the problem in its context or do you focus on likely outcomes? ❑ Do you brainstorm as many possible solutions as you can or do you try to locate only one? ❑ And do you depend on previous experiences or do you try to find a new way? [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Types of Thinking When we face a problem, we will not all think the same way, we will definitely differ in the way we solve the problem. When you look at a problem or a question, what method do you use to solve it? These aren’t easy questions to answer. We’re so used to just thinking in our way that we never stop to really analyze how we’re thinking, or what types of mental tools, processes, or assumptions our way of thinking depends on. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Types of Thinking It’s important to remember that: ❑ These “types” aren’t the same as personality traits. ❑ You can use different types of thinking throughout the day or within the same problem. But we do tend towards some types over others, based on other factors like our emotional state, our education, or our environments. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Thinking Types [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Thinking Types (1) Creative Thinking: Creative thinking is always engaged with coming up with something new: new ideas, new theories, new solutions. Many of us think that creative thinking is only for a certain type of person "creative geniuses or artists". But we all engage in creative thinking; when we hit on a new idea or a new method of doing something, even if it’s just a small daily activity, or when we simply brainstorm by ourselves, we are engaging in creative thinking. ❑ Creative thinking means thinking outside the box and creating new and innovative ideas to solve the problems we face. ❑ Creative thinking is not limited to the arts only, as many jobs in business and science require creative thinking skills (Originality, Fluency & Flexibility). [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Thinking Types (2) Analytical Thinking: Analytical thinking is the study of the parts of a problem with the aim of finding an appropriate solution for it. This includes identifying and describing the problem, then analyzing its parts to find an appropriate solution for it in a systematic scientific method. [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg Scientific Thinking Thinking Types (3) Critical Thinking: Critical thinking is the process of evaluating and analyzing information in a logical way. This includes the ability to analyze evidence and evaluate its validity and reliability. ▪ A critical thinker must be aware of his biases and support his ideas with objective evidence and the results of scientific research. ▪ The steps of critical thinking are: collecting information + analysis + evaluation + continuous development. ▪ Critical thinking skills are a set of skills (such as: research, cognitive curiosity, analysis, and logical thinking). [email protected] Dr/ Manal Shams www.su.edu.eg  THANK YOU * For any questions feel free * To contact me by mail [email protected] Dr. Manal Shams-Dean Ahmed Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education Suez Canal University