Biodiversity and Taxonomy PDF

Biodiversity Aarni Auerniitty Ecosystem diversity Diversity of species Genetic diversity Three domains of life  Prokaryotes (no nucleus): bacteria and archaea  Eukaryotes (nucleus)  New evidence is showing that eukaryotes are part of archaea domain Taxonomy  Domain (domeeni): Eucarya  Kin...

Biodiversity Aarni Auerniitty Ecosystem diversity Diversity of species Genetic diversity Three domains of life  Prokaryotes (no nucleus): bacteria and archaea  Eukaryotes (nucleus)  New evidence is showing that eukaryotes are part of archaea domain Taxonomy  Domain (domeeni): Eucarya  Kingdom (kunta): Animalia  Phylum (pääjakso): Arthropoda  Class (luokka): Insecta  Order (lahko): Hemiptera  Family (heimo): Aradidae  Genus (suku): Aradus  Species (laji): betulinus Bacteria  Prokaryote  no nucleus and unicellular  Cell wall (murein)  No membrane-bound organelles  Asexual reproduction  cell division  Plasmids can be used to share DNA  Autotrophs (photosynthesis, chemosynthesis) and heterotrophs  Some are decomposers, some pathogens and some form mutualistic (beneficial) relationships  Archaea  Structurally similar to bacteria with some exceptions  Cell wall formed from protein and polysaccharides  Function of genes closer to eukaryotes  Autotrophs (chemosynthesis) and heterotrophs  Many extremophiles (high heat, salt content or acidity) Eukaryotes  Protists, fungi, plants and animals  Uni- and multicellular, cells have nuclei  Multiple membrane-bound organelles  Asexual and sexual reproduction Protists  Uni- and multicellular  Not fungi, plants or animals  Sexual and asexual reproduction  Autotrophs (algae) and heterotrophs (slime moulds, protozoans ect.)  Some pathogens and parasites Fungi  Uni- and multicellular  Cell wall (chitin)  Sexual and asexual (spores) reproduction  Heterotrophs (decomposers, predators)  Can form mutualistic relationships with other species (mycorrhiza, lichen)  Evolutionarily closer to animals than plants  Plants  Multicellular  Cell wall (cellulose)  Sexual and asexual (spores) reproduction  Autotrophs, heterotrophs (parasites, predators)  Can form mutualistic relationships with other species (mycorrhiza, seed dispersal)  Hormonal control Corpse flower(Amorphophallus titanium) Animals  Multicellular  No cell wall  Sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction rare  Heterotrophs  Hormones and nervous system used in control Viruses  Not considered living  No own metabolism  Always parasites  Requires cells from other organisms to reproduce  No cellular structure, just surface proteins and the DNA/RNA inside