3. Anatomy terms.docx

***Anatomical, Directional and Regional Terms*** Anterior (Ventral) Toward the front ---------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Posterior (Dorsal) Towar...

***Anatomical, Directional and Regional Terms*** Anterior (Ventral) Toward the front ---------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Posterior (Dorsal) Toward the back Superior Toward the head Inferior Away from the head Medial Toward the midline of the body Lateral Away from the midline of the body Proximal Toward the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, midline of the body Distal Away from the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, midline of the body Superficial External; located close to or on the body surface Deep Internal; located further beneath the body surface than the superficial structures Cervical Regional term referring to the neck Thoracic Regional term referring to the portion of the body between the neck and the ab also known as the chest (thorax) Lumbar Regional term referring to the portion of the back between the ab and the pelvis Plantar The sole or the bottom of the feet Dorsal The top surface of the feet and hands Palmar The anterior or ventral surface of the hands Sagittal Plane A longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections Frontal Plane A longitudinal (imaginary) section that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse Plane Also known as the Horizontal Plane; an imaginary line that divides the body or any of its parts into superior and inferior sections. Prone Lying face down Supine Lying face up Bilateral Two Sides of the body Unilateral One side of the body Ipsilateral Same side as the body Contralateral Opposite side of the body Eversion (pronated foot) Internal rotation of the foot Inversion (supinated foot) External rotation of the foot Adduction Movement of a limb or other part towards the midline of the body or towards another part Abduction Movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body or from another part Isometric Muscle tension created with no change in length Concentric (isotonic) When the muscle shortens and creates tension Eccentric When the muscle acts as a resistive force, it lengthens as it creates muscle tension ***Common Anatomical (Medical) Terminology*** **Root** **Meaning** **Term** **Definition** ------------- ------------- ------------------ -------------------------------------------- Arthro Joint Arthritis Inflammation in a joint Bi Two Biceps Two-Headed Muscle Brachium Arm Brachialis Muscles of the Arm Cardio Heart Cardiology The study of the Heart Cephalo Head Cephalic Pertaining to the head Chondro Cartilage Chondroectomy Excision (surgical removal) of a cartilage Costo Rib Costochondral Pertaining to a rib and its cartilage Dermo Skin Dermatitis Inflammation of skin Hemo, Hemat Blood Hemorrage Internal or External bleeding Ilio Ilium Ilium The wide, upper part of the pelvic bone Myo Muscle Myositis Inflammation of a muscle Os, Osteo Bone Osteomalacia Softening of the bone Pulmo Lung Pulmonary artery Vessel that brings blood to the lungs Thoraco Chest Thorax Chest Tri Three Triceps Three-headed muscle