2024-S2-01-Introduction to Cloud Computing.pdf

IT4090 – Cloud INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD Computing COMPUTING  LECTURE OUTLINE Evolution of IT Infrastructure Cloud Computing Characteristics Cloud Computing Service Models Cloud Computing Deployment Models Cloud Service Providers Cloud Computing Benefits ...

IT4090 – Cloud INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD Computing COMPUTING  LECTURE OUTLINE Evolution of IT Infrastructure Cloud Computing Characteristics Cloud Computing Service Models Cloud Computing Deployment Models Cloud Service Providers Cloud Computing Benefits Evolution of IT Infrastructure  IT INFRASTRUCTURE EVOLUTION STAGES Mainframe / Mini Computers Personal Computer Client / Server Computing Web Based Enterprise Applications Cloud Computing / Mobile Computing  HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY In mid 1800s, factories generated their own electricity using dynamos and generators. Issues with self generating electricity Spend a lot of money to buy, install and maintain. Need to maintain specially skilled engineers. Need spare parts for the equipment. Higher operating costs, which is an overhead to the business. Essentially, lot of money, time and effort spent to generate electricity, which is neither the core business nor the core skill.  In late 1800s, electricity providers emerged. They had larger number of electricity generators installed and distributed electricity to customers over wires. Those who needs electricity paid a monthly cost and used it. Advantages No need to buy and maintain expensive machines. No need to maintain specially skilled engineers to maintain these machines. Just connect to the grid and consume power. No need to pay money upfront, pay for what you consume. Anyone can consume the service, and it is easy to get connected. HOW DO YOU IMPLEMENT AN ECOMMERCE WEBSITE ?  TRADITIONAL IT PROCESS Decision to Go Ahead PO Issued HW Implementation SW Implementation SelectVendors HW Shipment DC Preparation Implementing SW POC & Evaluate Licenses for HW/SW Cabling & Rack Mounting Testing Architectures Contracts / SLAs HW Installations Deploying Go Live Negotiations UAT 1 – 2 Months 2 – 3 Months 1 – 2 Months 2 – 4 Months 6 – 12 Months INEFFICIENCIES IN TRADITIONAL IT Allocated Load Forecast IT-capacities “Under-supply“ of capacities “Waste“ of Fixed cost of IT CAPACITY capacities IT-capacities Barrier for innovations Actual Load TIME  CLOUD: A BETTER ALTERNATIVE 1 2 3 4 Provision Pay as you Go (PAYG) Add / Remove Destroy and stop Environments pricing (pay for what capacity as and when paying if you don’t (Servers, Networks, you provision as you required. need it. Storage, Databases, use) Apps) in minutes.  CLOUD COMPUTING AND THE IT INDUSTRY IT Industry uses Cloud Computing the same way we use electricity. Before Cloud Every company had their own data center, expensive to implement and maintain. Had to maintain specialized engineers to maintain the data center. Deviated from their core business With Cloud No need to maintain a data center Consume resources as you wish and pay for what you consume Can focus more on the core business THE CLOUD WAY Load Allocated IT Forecast capacities IT CAPACITY No “under-supply“ Reduction of Possible “over-supply“ reduction of IT- capacities in case of reduced Reduction load of initial investments Actual Load TIME  WHY DO WE NEED CLOUD? Business Agility Customer Experience Cost Faster time-to-market Foster Always available services Pay-as-you-Go Transform Capital innovation Flexibility and Multiple venues / regions Expenditure (CAPEX) to Operational Scalability Focus on core Expenditures (OPEX) business Cost savings  NIST DEFINITION OF CLOUD Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Source: National Institute of Standards andTechnology  On-demand Self-service Consumers can provision computing resources Virtual servers, Network, storage Essential Can be provisioned on-demand (whenever you need it) No interaction with the service provider is needed Characteristics of Cloud Resource Pooling Providers computing resources are pooled Dynamically assigned and reassigned to demand Customer has no knowledge over exact location May specify location at a higher level (Region, Country)  Rapid Elasticity Rapid Elasticity Ability to elastically provision and release May happen automatically in line with the demand Essential Broad network access Characteristics of Capabilities are available over the network Access is through standard mechanism for Cloud heterogenous clients Measured Service Automatically control and optimized resources using metering capability Pay-per-use basis Resources usage can be monitored, controlled and reported IS CLOUD A TECHNOLOGY OR A MODEL? Cloud is not a technology Cloud can be thought of as an either A Business Model A Delivery Model Underlying technology behind cloud is Virtualization CLOUD SERVICE MODELS Source: https://askmedawaa.wordpress.com/2018/01/25/what-is-oracle-cloud/  Provider manage underlying physical cloud infrastructure and the virtualization layer INFRASTRUCTURE Consumers provision servers, databases and networks and other resources AS A SERVICE Consumer create their own platforms and deploy applications on top of (IAAS) provisioned resources Example Services Content Delivery Service Backup and Compute Storage Networks Management Recovery  Provider manage the infrastructure and the platform to host applications PLATFORM Consumers deploy onto cloud the applications created or acquired by the AS A consumer and can change hosting configurations SERVICE Applications need to support the languages, libraries, services and tools supported by the provider (PAAS) Example Services Business Development Application Database Integration Intelligence andTesting Deployment  Use the providers application running on cloud SOFTWARE Consumer does not manage infrastructure or application AS A SERVICE Consumer might be able to do limited user specific application configuration changes (SAAS) Example Services Email and Office Customer Relationship Content / Document Enterprise Resource Collaboration Productivity Management (CRM) Management Planning (ERP) NIST CLOUD COMPUTING REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE  Actor Definition Cloud A person or organization that maintains a business Consumer relationship with, and uses service from, Cloud Providers. ACTORS IN Cloud Provider A person, organization, or entity responsible for making a service available to interested parties. CLOUD Cloud Auditor A party that can conduct independent assessment of cloud services, information system operations, performance and security of the cloud COMPUTING Cloud Broker implementation. An entity that manages the use, performance and delivery of cloud services, and negotiates relationships between Cloud Providers and Cloud Consumers. Cloud Carrier An intermediary that provides connectivity and transport of cloud services from Cloud Providers to Cloud Consumers.  Public Cloud CLOUD Private Cloud DEPLOYMENT MODELS Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud  Provisioned for open use by the general public Operated by a service provider organization Located on premise of the cloud provider PUBLIC CLOUD Characteristics Cost-effective On-demand virtually unlimited scalability Zero maintenance Continuous uptime Low level of data security Access over internet Multi-tenant Regulatory compliance  Provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization Multiple business units may consume it Can be owned and managed by the organization , a third PRIVATE CLOUD party or a combination May be located on or off premises Characteristics High data security Less risky Single tenant & compliance Reliable Expensive Management overhead  Combination of private and public clouds May enable portability of data and applications within HYBRID CLOUD The clouds by standards or proprietary technologies Characteristics Secure and safe Cost-effective Flexibility and scalability Portability between private & public Data transfer  Provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers with shared concerns Concerns may be security, regulatory requirements, COMMUNITY CLOUD compliance etc. Can be owned, managed and operated by an organization in the community, a third party or a combination Ex:- Government Clouds  There are close to 300 cloud service providers in the world. Top 6 CSPs CLOUD SERVICE ▪ AmazonWeb Services (AWS) PROVIDERS (CSP) ▪ Microsoft Azure ▪ Google Cloud Platform (GCP) ▪ IBM Cloud ▪ Alibaba Cloud ▪ Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)  60% of the cloud market share is divided among the top three, that is amazonAWS, Microsoft Azure and the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) CLOUD SERVICE AWS – 33% and holding since 2017 PROVIDERS Azure – 20% and increasing from merely a 11% in 2017 to 20% in 2020 (CSP) GCP – 7% and holding around the same value since 2017 Others cater to less than 40% of the market  REFERENCES https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-definition-cloud-computing https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-cloud-computing-reference- architecture https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/evolution-infrastructure-paul-m-veillard/ https://emuseum.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/