Cloud Computing Concepts PDF

Cloud Computing 1  Why Cloud Computing? “70% of the budget to keep IT running, 30% available to create new value” IT Challenges “…that needs to be inverted”...

Cloud Computing 1  Why Cloud Computing? “70% of the budget to keep IT running, 30% available to create new value” IT Challenges “…that needs to be inverted” Globalization “Weeks of planning, justification, and deployment and then Aging data centers we’re stuck with it for 5 years – even if our needs change in a month…” Storage growth “…or we could just buy it as a service – right now” Application explosion “Most of our legacy applications are stable and predictable” Cost of ownership Acquisitions “…we need to incrementally improve efficiency without disruption” “but, new, more dynamic and fluid approaches to IT must also be leveraged for new applications and changing legacy applications” “…new, revolutionary IT model is required” 2 The 3 main resources of Cloud Computing Compute Storage Network 3 What is Cloud Computing What does cloud computing mean to you? ▪ On-demand ▪ IT resources ▪ Accessible online ▪ Pay-as-you-go What is Cloud Computing How might cloud computing address some of the issues in the traditional computing model? ▪ Low cost ▪ Elastic ▪ Flexible ▪ Secure What is Cloud Computing Cloud Computing Models: ▪ Software as a service (SaaS) ▪ Platform as a service (PaaS) ▪ Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)  What is Amazon Web Services (AWS)? Enable businesses and developers to use web services to build scalable, Storage sophisticated applications. Development and Management Tools Analytics Content Delivery Messaging Compute App Services Database Payments Mobile Networking On-Demand Workforce VPC  History of AWS AWS offers IT Gartner estimated that 10x infrastructure more infrastructure is services in the deployed on AWS than the Amazon.com form of web Amazon.com retail combined adoption of the next launched services moves to AWS 14 providers. 1995 2003 2006 2007 2010 2013 2015 2016 Pace of Innovation… Vision proposed for Over 180,000 AWS is awarded 98 AWS on-demand computing developers Agency Authority to Operate Services infrastructure as on AWS under the Federal Risk and web services Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP)  AWS Customers Enterprise Customers Public Sector Startups Amazon Web Services delivers a Paving the way for innovation From the spark of an idea, to mature set of services specifically and supporting world-changing your first customer, to IPO and designed for the unique security, projects in government, beyond, let Amazon Web compliance, privacy, and education and nonprofit Services help you build and governance requirements of large organizations. grow your startup. organizations.  What you can do on AWS Some of the things you can use the AWS cloud computing platform to do include: ▪ Application Hosting ▪ Backup and Storage ▪ Content Delivery ▪ Websites ▪ Enterprise IT ▪ Databases  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises ▪ No upfront investment ▪ Large initial purchases  Install and configure  Click to order resources  Physical space, cooling, power  Immediate access  Cabling, networking, racks,  Go! servers, storage  Labor, certification… ▪ Low on-going costs ▪ Labor, patches and upgrade cycles ▪ Focus on innovation ▪ Systems administration ▪ Flexible capacity ▪ Fixed capacity ▪ Speed and agility ▪ Procurement and setup ▪ Global reach on demand ▪ Limited geographic regions  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises ▪ No upfront investment ▪ Large initial purchases  Continually lower prices  Patches and upgrades  Optimize costs with pricing options  Labor and system administration ▪ Low on-going costs ▪ Labor, patches and upgrade cycles ▪ Focus on innovation ▪ Systems administration ▪ Flexible capacity ▪ Fixed capacity ▪ Speed and agility ▪ Procurement and setup ▪ Global reach on demand ▪ Limited geographic regions  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises ▪ No upfront investment ▪ Large initial purchases ▪ Low on-going costs ▪ Labor, patches and upgrade cycles  Application development  Non-differentiated operations ▪ Focus on innovation ▪ Systems administration ▪ Flexible capacity ▪ Fixed capacity ▪ Speed and agility ▪ Procurement and setup ▪ Global reach on demand ▪ Limited geographic regions  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises ▪ No upfront investment ▪ Large initial purchases ▪ Low on-going costs ▪ Labor, patches and upgrade cycles ▪ Focus on innovation ▪ Systems administration  Provision the resources you need  Idle resources  Turn off what you don’t need  Inadequate capacity ▪ Flexible capacity ▪ Fixed capacity ▪ Speed and agility ▪ Procurement and setup ▪ Global reach on demand ▪ Limited geographic regions  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises ▪ No upfront investment ▪ Large initial purchases ▪ Low on-going costs ▪ Labor, patches and upgrade cycles ▪ Focus on innovation ▪ Systems administration ▪ Flexible capacity ▪ Fixed capacity ▪ Speed and agility ▪ Procurement and setup ▪ Global reach on demand ▪ Limited geographic regions  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises ▪ No upfront investment ▪ Large initial purchases ▪ Low on-going costs ▪ Labor, patches and upgrade cycles ▪ Focus on innovation ▪ Systems administration ▪ Flexible capacity ▪ Fixed capacity  Fast, on-demand provisioning  Lengthy, labor-intensive provisioning ▪ Speed and agility ▪ Procurement and setup ▪ Global reach on demand ▪ Limited geographic regions  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises ▪ No upfront investment ▪ Large initial purchases ▪ Low on-going costs ▪ Labor, patches and upgrade cycles ▪ Focus on innovation ▪ Systems administration ▪ Flexible capacity ▪ Fixed capacity ▪ Speed and agility ▪ Procurement and setup  Deploy in any AWS region on-demand  Lower latency to distributed user  Costly to build a global bases infrastructure ▪ Global reach on demand ▪ Limited geographic regions  Cloud vs. On-Premises Comparison Cloud On-Premises ▪ No upfront investment ▪ Large initial purchases ▪ Low on-going costs ▪ Labor, patches and upgrade cycles ▪ Focus on innovation ▪ Systems administration ▪ Flexible capacity ▪ Fixed capacity ▪ Speed and agility ▪ Procurement and setup ▪ Global reach on demand ▪ Limited geographic regions  On-demand Services Through AWS Traditional Infrastructure Amazon Web Services Security Firewalls ACLs Administrators Security NACLs Identity Access Groups Management Networking Network Router Network Pipeline Switch Elastic Load VPC Balancing On-Premises Servers VPC Servers Amazon EC2 Machine Image Instances Storage and DAS SAN NAS RDBMS Database Elastic Elastic S3 RDS Block Store File System  Regions and Availability Zones IRELAND FRANKFURT BEIJING OHIO MONTREAL UK SEOUL OREGON PARIS NINGXIA (coming soon) (coming soon) N. CALIFORNIA TOKYO N. VIRGINA AWS GOVCLOUD INDIA SINGAPORE SÃO PAULO SYDNEY https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/regions_az/  Regions and Availability Zones Regions Geographic locations Consists of at least two Availability Zones(AZs) Availability Zones Clusters of data centers Isolated from failures in other Availability Zones Connected through low-latency links Local Zones Note: Conceptual drawing only. The number of Availability Zones (AZ) may vary. AWS Local Zones place compute, storage, database, and other select AWS services closer to end-users. run highly-demanding applications that require single-digit millisecond latencies to your end-users such as media & entertainment content creation, real-time gaming. Each AWS Local Zone location is an extension of an AWS Region where you can run your latency sensitive applications using AWS services  Edge Locations 225+ AWS Edge Locations: Local points-of-presence that support AWS services like: Amazon Route 53 Amazon CloudFront AWS WAF AWS Shield https://www.lastweekinaws.com/blog/what-is-an-edge-location-in-aws-a-simple-explanation/  AWS Cloud Computing Applications Virtual Desktops Collaboration and Sharing Databases Analytics App Deployment and Mobile Services Management Services Cluster Queuin Containers Relational Computin g Identity g Orchestrati Platform Real-time on Dev/ops Tools App Streaming Sync Services No SQL Data Resource Warehouse Transcodin Templates Mobile g Usage Tracking Analytics Data Email Caching Notifications Workflows Monitoring and Logs Search Foundation Compute Networking Storage (Virtual, Auto-scaling (Object, Block and Services and Load Balancing) Archive) Infrastructure Regions Availability Edge Zones Locations  AWS Foundation Services Security & Compute Network Storage Applications Identity Amazon Inspector Amazon WorkDocs Amazon EC2 Amazon CloudFront Amazon EFS Amazon EC2 AWS Artifact Amazon WorkMail Container Registry Amazon Route 53 Amazon Glacier Amazon EC2 AWS Certificate Manager Container Service Amazon VPC Amazon AppStream Amazon S3 AWS CloudHSM Amazon Lightsail AWS Direct Connect Amazon WorkSpaces AWS Snowball AWS Directory Service Amazon VPC Elastic Load Balancing AWS Storage Gateway IAM AWS Batch AWS KMS AWS Elastic Beanstalk AWS Organizations AWS Lambda AWS Shield Elastic Load Balancing AWS WAF  AWS Platform Services Management Developer Mobile Internet of Databases Analytics App Services Amazon Amazon Athena Amazon API Tools Amazon Tools AWS Services Amazon API Things AWS IoT DynamoDB Gateway CloudWatch CodeBuild Gateway Amazon Amazon Amazon AWS Amazon AWS AWS ElastiCache CloudSearch AppStream 2.0 CloudFormation CodeCommit Cognito Greengrass Amazon RDS Amazon EMR Amazon AWS AWS Amazon Elastic CloudTrail CodeDeploy Mobile Analytics Transcoder Amazon ES AWS Amazon Amazon Redshift AWS Amazon SWF Config CodePipeline Pinpoint Amazon Kinesis AWS Managed AWS AWS Step AWS X-Ray Services Device Farm Amazon QuickSight Functions AWS AWS OpsWorks Mobile Hub Amazon Redshift AWS Service Catalog AWS Trusted Advisor Cloud Computing: Technological Foundations Technologies Description  Form of distributed computing which applies the Grid Computing resources of numerous computers in a network to work on a single complex task at the same time Service provisioning model that offers computing Utility Computing resources as a metered service Provides improved utilization of resources Virtualization Enables optimization of resources by over subscription An architectural approach in which applications make use Service Oriented of services available in the network Architecture Each service provides a specific function, for example, (SOA) business function (Payroll Tax calculation) 27 Emergence of New IT Model – Cloud Computing Cloud Computing A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., servers, storage, networks, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. – NIST NIST definition “....This cloud “Computing may someday be model is composed of five organized as a public utility, just as the essential characteristics, electricity is organized as a public utility” three service models, and – John McCarthy, speech at MIT in 1961 four deployment models. “ 28 Cloud Characteristics 29 Cloud Computing: Essential Characteristics 30  On-Demand Self-Service Enables consumers to get computing resources as and when required, without any human intervention Facilitates consumer to leverage “ready to use” services or, enables to choose required services from the service catalog Allows provisioning of resources using self-service interface – Self-service interface should be user- friendly 31  Broad Network Access Cloud services are accessed via the network, usually the internet, from a broad range of client platforms such as: – Desktop computer – Laptop – Mobile phone – Thin Client Eliminates the need for accessing a particular client platform to access the services Enables accessing the services from anywhere across the globe 32  Resource Pooling IT resources (compute, storage, network) are pooled to serve multiple consumers – Based on multi-tenant model Consumer has no knowledge about the exact location of the resources provided Resources are dynamically assigned and reassigned based on the consumer demand 33  Multitenancy Multitenancy refers to an architecture and design by which multiple independent clients (tenants) are serviced using a single set of resources. In a Cloud, a client (tenant) could be a user, a user group, or an organization/company. Multitenancy enables compute, storage, and network resources to be shared among multiple clients. Virtualization provides ways for enabling multitenancy in Cloud. For example, multiple VMs from different clients can run simultaneously on the same server with hypervisor support. There is a sense of location independence, in that the consumer generally has no knowledge about the exact location of the resources provided. 34  Rapid Elasticity Ability to scale IT resources rapidly, as required, to fulfill the changing needs without interruption of service – Resources can be both scaled up and scaled down dynamically To the consumer, the Cloud appears to be infinite – Consumers can start with minimal computing power and can expand their environment to any size 35  Metered Service Consumers are billed based on the metered usage of Cloud resources – Cost incurred on a pay-per-use basis – Pricing/billing model is tied up with the required service levels Resource usage is monitored and reported, which provides transparency for chargeback to both Cloud service provider and consumer about the utilized service 36  Cloud Offering Examples Pay-As-You-Go Salesforce.com, EMC Mozy, Atmos, Google App Engine, Amazon EC2 I want secured backup of my files, so I need a word processing that I can retrieve application for a brief data from anywhere, period to prepare my anytime documents My organization needs to grow, but cannot spend My organization wants to test much to buy new servers, a software in different storage platform before investing on it 37  Cloud Computing Benefits Benefit Description Reduced IT Cost Avoids the up-front capital expenditure Business agility support Provides the ability to add new resources quickly Scales up and down easily and instantly, based on Flexible scaling demand Ensures application availability at varying levels, High availability depending on policy and priority of the application Enables organizations to reduce power Less energy consumption consumption and space usage 38  Infrastructure-as-a-Service Provides capability to the consumer Consumer to hire infrastructure components such as servers, storage, and network Enables consumers to deploy and run software, including OS and applications Application Pays for infrastructure components Databases usage, for example, Storage capacity, OS CPU usage, etc. consumer needs to know the Compute Hired Resources resource requirements for the Storage specific application to exploit IaaS Network well. Scaling and elasticity are the responsibilities of the consumer, not the provider. In fact, IaaS is a mini do- it-yourself data center that you would need to configure the resources (server, storage) and to get the job done. 39  What is IT infrastructure / IaaS? Traditional IT infrastructure refers to h/w equipment, systems, software and services used across an organisation IT Infrastructure also serves as the foundation upon which mission/program/project--‐specific systems and capabilities are built IaaS has no reliance on fixed infrastructure anymore IaaS has no direct replacement for PC/Server IaaS means need not be in area where user is using services Cloud Infrastructure at present provide “Compute” and “storage” clouds e.g. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is an IaaS model that provides resizable compute capacity and S3 (Simple Storage Service) on a pay-per-use basis – Allows consumers to hire virtual compute on which they run their own applications Dell Technologies provides Storage as a service with APEX Data Storage Services 40  Platform-as-a-Service Consumer Capability provided to the consumer to deploy consumer- created or acquired applications Application on the Cloud provider’s Databases infrastructure OS Consumer has control over Compute Hired Resources – Deployed applications Storage – Possible application hosting Network environment configurations Consumer is billed for platform software components – OS, Database, Middleware 41  Platform-as-a-Service The consumer uses PaaS that typically have Consumer Integrated Development Environment (IDE), which includes editor, compiler, build, and deploy capabilities to develop their applications. They then deploy the applications on the infrastructure offered by the Cloud provider. Application When consumers write their applications to run Databases over the PaaS provider’s software platform, elasticity and scalability is guaranteed OS transparently by the PaaS platform. Here, the Compute consumer does not manage or control the Hired Resources underlying Cloud infrastructure, such as Storage network, servers, OSs, and storage, but controls Network the deployed applications and possibly the application-hosting environment configurations. For PaaS, consumers pay only for the platform software components such as databases, OS instances, and middleware, which includes its associated infrastructure cost. 42  PaaS Examples Google App Engine provides platform for consumers to deploy or create their own applications – Allows dynamic allocation of system resources for an application based on the actual demand – Provides Java and Python environment to create and deploy application Microsoft Azure Platform provides diverse functionalities to build applications – Uses existing skills with Visual Studio and.Net to build applications – Builds applications also in Java and PHP using Eclipse and other tools Red Hat OpenShift Heroku 43  Software-as-a-Service Consumer Capability provided to the consumer to use provider’s applications running in a Cloud infrastructure Application Complete stack including Databases OS application is provided as a service Application is accessible from Compute Hired Resources Storage various client devices, for example, Network via a thin client interface such as a Web browser Billing is based on the application usage 44  SaaS Examples Google Apps Email – gmail Dropbox Salesforce.com is a Software-as-a-Service solution for CRM application – Consumers can access CRM applications from anywhere, any time 45 46  Network as a Service (NaaS) Emerging ‘X’aaS proposal aimed at providers in the area of multi-tenancy provisioning VMs connected via Virtual Switches Edge Virtual Bridging is an IEEE standard that involves the interaction between virtual switching environments in a hypervisor and the first layer of physical switching infrastructure Examples of Network services that could be offered are DHCP, NAT, Load Balancing, Firewalls, VPNs, Port forwarding, VLANs, QoS OpenStack is an Open Source IaaS cloud computing project supported by leading industry giants such as Cisco, Intel, AMD, Dell, HP, Citrix Cloud Deployment Model – Public Cloud Enterprise Q Enterprise P Public Cloud Cloud Service Provider User R 49  Cloud Deployment Model – Private Cloud On-premise Externally hosted Private Cloud Private Cloud Enterprise P Enterprise P Dedicated for Enterprise P Cloud Service Provider 50 Cloud Deployment Model – Hybrid Cloud Private Cloud Public Cloud Enterprise P Enterprise P Enterprise Q + Cloud Service Provider User R 51  Cloud Deployment Model – Community Cloud Enterprise P Enterprise Q Community Cloud Enterprise R Dedicated for Community Users Cloud Service Provider Community Users Cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns Managed by the organizations or by a third party 52  Building Cloud Infrastructure Infrastructure should meet essential Cloud characteristics Building Cloud infrastructure is a journey in phased approach: – Understand your existing Cloud Infrastructure Management and Service Creation Tools infrastructure – Virtualize your infrastructure Virtualization enables resource pooling Applications and and rapid elasticity Platform Software – Deploy service management tools to deliver Cloud service Virtual Infrastructure Automate service provisioning to enable on-demand self-service of computing resources over the network Physical Facilitate measured services Infrastructure 53  Cloud Challenges – Consumer’s Perspective Security and Regulation – Consumers are indecisive to transfer control of sensitive data – Regulation may prevent organizations to use Cloud services Network latency – Real time applications may suffer due to network latency and limited bandwidth Supportability – Legacy or Custom applications may not be compatible with Cloud platform Interoperability – Lack of standardization across Cloud- based platforms 54  Cloud Challenges – Provider’s Perspective Service warranty and service cost – Resources must be kept ready to meet unpredictable demand – Hefty penalty, if SLAs are not fulfilled Huge numbers of software to manage – Huge number of applications and platform software to purchase – ROI is unpredictable No standard Cloud access interface – Cloud customers want open APIs – Need agreement among Cloud providers for standardization 55