2024 IVC Introduction to Bamboo_compressed.pdf

IVC 2024 Parametric Bamboo for Post Disaster Reconstruction3 Introduction to Bamboo Dr.-Ing. Andry Widyowijatnoko, S.T., M.T., IAI School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Band...

IVC 2024 Parametric Bamboo for Post Disaster Reconstruction3 Introduction to Bamboo Dr.-Ing. Andry Widyowijatnoko, S.T., M.T., IAI School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko contents: background why bamboo definition characteristics of bamboo  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko background Buildings and construction together account for 36% of global final energy use and 39% of energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when upstream power generation is included. This data covers buildings and construction, including the manufacturing of materials and products for building construction. (Global Status Report 2017, United Nations Environment Programme)  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Architect and Ecology Which one do you want to use steel as your building material? bamboo timber concrete  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Sustainability: STEEL TIMBER vs & CONCRETE renewable resource + + lifetime, durable carbon sink + O2 producer + - non-renewable resource low energy consumption + - CO2 emission - O2 consumer deforestation - - high energy consumption  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Sustainability: STEEL BAMBOO vs & CONCRETE renewable resource + + lifetime, durable carbon sink + O2 producer + - non-renewable resource low energy consumption + - CO2 emission - O2 consumer deforestation - - high energy consumption  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko what is bamboo? Bamboo is not a tree but a giant grass, family: Poaceae subfamily: Bambusoideae 1,439 species in the world 161 species in Indonesia (126 native species) 62 species in the Philippines (21 native species)* *https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/Web_v ersion/572/ch30.htm  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko what is bamboo? 2 general types: Sympodial (clumpers) Monopodial (runners)  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko sympodial (clumpers) in tropical climates cannot withstand freezing temperature, except Fargesia spp. (-25oF) reproduction with pachymorph rhizome system non-invasive Fargesia robusta Wolong  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko runners (monopodial) in temperate climates o o temperatures between -10 and +15 F reproduction with leptomorph rhizome system potentially invasive Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) most genera Phyllostachys and Pleioblastus  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko why bamboo renewable resource bamboo grows in a variety of conditions no fertilizer, pesticides, or herbicides needed very little waste versatility economic development  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo for land conservation research in China: the foliage keep the humidity and have lowest erosion index compare with 14 other monoculture forest research in Kyoto University: the root system of monopodial bamboo is very effective to prevent landslide  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko The presence of bamboo, with its extensive rhizome and root network and dense canopy, helps to reduce soil erosion, which reduces run- off and hence improves retention of nutrients and regulation of water flow in rivers and lakes (Li and Kobayashi, 2004; Song et al., 2011; Lobovikov et al., 2012). Yuen, J. Q., Fung, T., & Ziegler, A. D. (2017). Carbon stocks in bamboo ecosystems worldwide: Estimates and uncertainties. Forest Ecology and Management, 393, 113-138. Dendrocalamus (c) Google Images asper, Brazil  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo for watershed research in China: water absorption bamboo forest to the soil up to 240% higher than Pinus massoniana bamboo has a high WUE (water use efficiency) but grows fast (Gielis, 2000) the greening project with bamboo in ex- brick mining in India can raise ground water level 6,3 meter in 4 years  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo as CO2 sequester bamboo: 62 tons/Ha/year other forest: 15 tons/Ha/year bamboo generates up to 35% more oxygen then equivalent stand of trees  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko plants absorb CO2 from air to grow and decompose to release CO2 (Illustration by Jack Cook © Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) https://www.whoi.edu/know-your- ocean/ocean-topics/how-the-ocean- works/cycles/carbon-cycle/  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko plants absorb CO2 avoid decay, from air to grow store as building material or and decompose to use as charcoal for planting release CO2 media (carbon sink) The conversion factor is 44/12, which means that for every 12 grams of carbon, 44 grams of CO2 are sequestered  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko carbon footprint This study compares the carbon footprint of products from bamboo materials such as strand woven bamboo, plybamboo, flattened bamboo, with non-bamboo products. Products made from bamboo produce a very low carbon footprint than non- bamboo products. If calculated by carbon sequestration, the carbon footprint of its production does not exceed that of carbon production. Van der Lugt, P., J.G. Vogtländer, J.H. van der Vegte, J.C. Brezet, 2012. Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Sequestration; the Environmental Impact of Industrial Bamboo Products. Proceedings 9th World Bamboo Congress, Antwerp, Belgium.  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko carbon sequestration Compared to Chinese fir, in 60 years bamboo still absorbs more carbon along with production. if the Moso bamboo forest is unmanaged and not harvested for the production of durable products, the forest quickly comes to an equilibrium as the mature stems become old and decay, blocking space for new young culms. Van der Lugt, P., J.G. Vogtländer, J.H. van der Vegte, J.C. Brezet, 2012. Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Sequestration; the Environmental Impact of Industrial Bamboo Products. Proceedings 9th World Bamboo Congress, Antwerp, Belgium.  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko In the environment, bamboo development reduces the pollutions. It reduces up to 35% carbon dioxide and delivers more oxygen than other hardwood trees to the environment and it reduces the use of timber consumption. Syeda, A., Shrujal, B., & Kumar, J. (2014). A case study on bamboo as green building material. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 4, 78-82.  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo as biomass producer bamboo produce a very high biomass 7 times higher than other tree 5th of the world’s fastest biomass producing genus grows 10-30% per year, compare with 2-5% per year for other tree produce 50-100 tons biomass per Ha.; divided in 60-70% poles, 10-15% branches, 15-20% leaves  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko growing anatomy Fibers of 1 & 12 year old culm of P. viridi-glaucescens  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko In fact, the Guinness Book of World Records states that there are “certain” species of bamboo that can grow up to a rate of 35 inches (1 m) per day. Though it does not state the exact species that grows the quickest, it is more than likely a member of the Bambusa and Phyllostachys genera.  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo as fastest growing plant The world record for the fastest growing plant belongs to certain species of the 45 genera of bamboo, which have been found to grow at up to 91 cm (35 in) per day or at a rate of 0.00003 km/h (0.00002 mph). The giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus) of tropical south-east Asia can reach as high as 50 m (164 ft)  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko utilization of bamboo biomass building material – bridge – rafting – plybamboo – flooring – softboard – scaffolding – household tools and equipment – craft – music instrument – charcoal – food – beer – feed – medicine – pulp – textile – fuel – fertilizer – pump – filament – etc david farelly (book of bamboo): 1000 use of bamboo from A to Z  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko suddenly everything is made of bamboo… bamboo is just going to be huge! Rich Delano grow your own house Simon Velez it’s known as the plant of a thousand uses Gib Cooper well, it’s such an incredibly flexible material… Mara Kloiber  bamboo – durability ~ sustainability ?  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko natural durability of bamboo: 1-3 years in the open and in contact with soil 4-6 years under cover and free from contact with the soil 10-15 years under very good storage/use conditions  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy - fiber vessels Parenchyma cell with starch granulae Fiber, 12 years old bamboo culm  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Parenchyma cell with starch granulae Main components: cellulose (40%), hemicellulose (25%), and lignin (25%) contain minor amounts of minerals, sugars, starch, tannins, waxes and inorganic salts, none have enough toxicity  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Parenchyma cell with starch granulae Main components: cellulose (40%), hemicellulose (25%), and lignin (25%) contain minor amounts of minerals, sugars, starch, tannins, waxes and inorganic salts, none have enough toxicity  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko sign of beetle attack  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Termites Termites are among the most successful groups of insects on Earth, colonizing most landmasses except Antarctica. Their colonies range in size from a few hundred individuals to enormous societies with several million individuals. Termite queens have the longest known lifespan of any insect, with some queens reportedly living up to 30 to 50 years.  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Natural durability of bamboo Bamboo = non-durable (Class III) poor man’s timber Bamboo Preservation  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko To provide a durable bamboo building: 1. Using bamboo with high durability > preservation 2. Protecting by design Wide hat... High heels... Good air flow...  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo charcoal for energy purposes Estimated bamcoal production / year / hectare : 30 T Energy value (Lower Heating Value) : 22 MJ / kg Transport density : 650 – 700 kg / m3 Estimated price bamcoal : 40 – 50 USD / ton  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo charcoal  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko griya awi a bamboo house charcoal as roof garden planting media (carbon sink) it is estimated that approximately 5.58 metric tons (or 5,580 kilograms) of CO2 are stored in 1.8 cubic meters of charcoal with an assumed carbon content of 85%. Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko food and beverage  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko health and beauty products soap shampoo medicine  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko pulp and fiber bamboo fiber has antibacterial, UV blocking and moisture wicking (capillary motion) properties (Afrin, Deakin University)  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo textile  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo textile Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko craft casing Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo bike Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo car  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Bamboo Architecture carder building, pereira zeri pavillion, manizales  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Bamboo Architecture Grand Colombia University  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Bamboo Architecture library  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Bamboo Bridge jenny garzon bridge, bogota university of pereira Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Bamboo Architecture bamboo ship Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko masjid annur aceh di lombok utara Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko masjid annur aceh di lombok utara Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko great hall obi  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko characteristics of bamboo  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy Culm: 1=diaphragm 2=ring 3=node 4=internode 5=culm wall 6=cavity  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy - fiber Approximately, a bamboo culm has 40% fibers, 10% vessels and 50% parenchyma. The dark spots, increasing from left to right in the cross-section, are cellulose fibers together with vessels.  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy – fiber distribution the strength of bamboo increasing from inner to outer part stronger  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy – fiber distribution Anatomical Features of Bamboo Internode  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko fiber distribution… connection perspective stronger to connect bamboo on the outer part than in the inner part  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko fiber distribution… connection perspective Bamboo Joint: stronger to connect bamboo on the outer part than in the inner part  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko fiber distribution… connection perspective existing bamboo joints  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy – longitudinal fiber Bamboo only have longitudinal fiber > high tensile strength, low shear strength Bamboo is an anisotropic material. The properties of bamboo in the longitudinal direction are entirely different as that of the transversal direction. The longitudinal direction has cellulose fibres that are durable and stiff, whereas the transverse Bamboo Strip as Orthotropic Unidirectional Fibrous Composite direction has lignin, which is soft and brittle.  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Bamboo is an anisotropic material. The properties of bamboo in the longitudinal direction are entirely different as that of the transversal direction. The longitudinal direction has cellulose fibres that are durable and stiff, whereas the transverse direction has lignin, which is soft and brittle.  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko longitudinal bamboo fiber... problems splitting  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko longitudinal bamboo fiber... problems  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko longitudinal bamboo fiber... utilizations easy to be splitted or flattened bamboo craft  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko longitudinal bamboo fiber... utilizations plastered bamboo construction  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko longitudinal bamboo fiber... utilizations traditional building modern use of bamboo splits  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy – round and hollow poles naturally round cross section all hollow, except in bottom part almost solid: Dendrocalamus strictus  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy – round and hollow poles because of its hollowness, bamboo’s effectiveness as a beam is 1.9 better than a wooden beam. cross-section of bamboo and comparison with an I-profile  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko round and hollow pole... problems buckling Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko round and hollow pole... problems  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko round and hollow pole... construction perspective positive fitting connection, benefiting the round and hollow cross section of bamboo  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko round cross section... construction perspective lashing joint, benefitting round cross section  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko existing bamboo joints hollow pole... connection perspective  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy – vast variation 1.439 species  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in culm diameter & wall thickness between different species between lower and upper part from extremely thin wall (3mm) to almost solid Dendrocalamus asper (lower part and upper part)  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in culm diameter & wall thickness naturally have conical shape  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in culm diameter… construction perspective fitting connection  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko bamboo anatomy – nodes & internodes Nodes acts as ‘stirrups’ to stop the progression of any cracking or splitting internode node  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in length of internodes A graphic of internode and fibre length of Guadua angustifolia Gigantochloa apus  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in length of internodes… construction perspective a frame was made with an ultimate consideration of node position. Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in upright habit from ram-rod straight to severely twisted Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in upright habit… grading  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in upright habit… aesthetical potency  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in upright habit… aesthetical potency Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko variation in upright habit… aesthetical potency  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Gigantochloa apus bambu tali, bambu apus, string bamboo most available species in Indonesia sympodial height 8-22 m length of internode 20-60 cm diameter 4-13 cm, but most available for construction 7-10 cm wall thickness 0.5-1.5 cm  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Gigantochloa apus compression strength parallel to fiber with node 37.5 N/mm2 without node 33.9 N/mm2 tension strength parallel to fiber 299 N/mm2 bending strength with node 87.5 N/mm2 without node 74.9 N/mm2 shear strength with node 7.47 N/mm2 without node 7.65 N/mm2  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Dendrocalamus asper bambu petung most precious species in Indonesia sympodial height 10-25 m length of internode 25-60 cm diameter 12-20 cm, but most available for construction 12-15 cm wall thickness 1.1-3.6 cm  Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko Dendrocalamus asper compression strength parallel to fiber 31 N/mm2 tension strength parallel to fiber 226 N/mm2 bending strength 103 N/mm2 shear strength 7.3 N/mm2  terima kasih Introduction to Bamboo - Andry Widyowijatnoko jazzakallah danke bedankt thank you salamat po muchas gracias kyei zu tin ba de arigato xiexie dhanyabad [email protected] [email protected] mobile/wa: +62 811 222 465