2024-25 Unit 2 Rise of the West PDF

Unit 2 Rise of the West VS Fishbowl Directions RHA Documents ○ See chart above for helpful hints on how to make purposeful annotations ○ Annotations should be treated similarly to Cornell Notes meaning about 2-3 comments per paragraph of reading. Your comme...

Unit 2 Rise of the West VS Fishbowl Directions RHA Documents ○ See chart above for helpful hints on how to make purposeful annotations ○ Annotations should be treated similarly to Cornell Notes meaning about 2-3 comments per paragraph of reading. Your comments should prove evidence that you have read and critically thought about the documents prior to class. ○ Submission- Virtual vs Hard Copy Hard Copy- If being completed on a paper / hard copy, the comments, answers, questions are annotated in the margins or in the document itself- Continue to annotate day of Reading for the Discussion- A Guide ○ What is the document talking about? ○ What is the Author’s view on society / what does he want changed? ○ How are the writings significant to their time? ○ What impact will these writings have on the future? ○ How do the documents compare to each other Fishbowl Directions- Discussion Day Directions ○ You must make 3 comments total today with at least 1 quote cited as part of your explanation ○ Overall Questions must be covered as well as questions asked by Mr. Hellwig ○ Each group will 10 minutes to discuss the questions posed on 3 of the Documents Outside group can ask questions to bring up other important information the group may have overlooked in the next 5 minutes Expectations ○ Be assertive in making your points and getting your talk quotes ○ Do not bogarte the conversation (Be constantly Talking) ○ Listen to comments and questions. This is a discussion, not just a list of questions. Make sure you fully discuss the topics Answer the questions provided AND posed by the group do not just move on to the next question unless everything has been discussed ○ Explanations are not “I think it was interesting that…” they are “In this document, he was talking about ……….” Welcome to History Bunker 1813 Renaissance and Reformation Hosted by Mr Hellwig AC CE LE RA TE D Renaissance Video: Rick Steves Renaissance By 1450, Italy was in the midst of a cultural and political movement ○ Renaissance→ cultural & social rebirth from classical Greece & Rome Follows Black Death→ Return to Power and European Glory The Renaissance began in Florence and other Italian city-states such as ○ Venice, Milan, and Pisa Dominated trade routes on the Mediterranean Example- Florence specialized in metal and leather trade ○ Rome emerged as prominent city for the first time since Roman empire Politically, Italian city-states were led by oligarchies which comprised highly important nobles led by a prince ○ Niccolo Machiavelli emphasized ideas on how to seize & maintain power in The Prince (1532) ○ “it is better to be feared than loved” (Clip) The Renaissance largely only affected Italy & upper class men ○ The Church and the nobility only groups who could pay Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael were among the richest men of their time→ more so than royal families Renaissance New forms of literature & art developed with religious focus declining & the human form gained more attention ○ Individualism→ focus on human potential & striving for fame and glory ○ Humanism→ classical learning of Rome & Greece (Art, Literature, Language, History) ○ Secularism→ shift of attention from religion/eternal life to focus on material world Following exploration, Mediterranean ports became less important ○ Atlantic trade routes more important ○ French & Spanish began invading the Italian peninsula reduced political power of the religion Francis I of France became patrons of the arts Absolutism- desire for military conquest and power Pushed for Exploration and consolidation of power instead of through the Church Renaissance Northern Renaissance began by the 1450’s ○ Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium), France, HRE, and England ○ focused on religion and the reawakening of Christianity leads to Reformation Thomas More wrote Utopia (1516), literally meaning “no place”, ○ discuss an ideal world where people put others before themselves Beginnings of the ideas of Socialism Drive for individual wealth and property causes conflict Influences Rousseau- Community more important than the individual Government comes from the people, consent of the governed ○ education as highly important, and to live by reason Influence Mary Wollstonecraft- through education women will gain equality Renaissance The Renaissance saw breakthroughs in art & architecture ○ Leonardo da Vinci advanced portrayals of the human body in pieces such as the Mona Lisa & Vitruvian Man ○ Michelangelo applied classically styles in painting and sculpture in the Sistine Chapel & David ○ Raphael Sanzio focused on the power of humanism in his painting the School of Athens ○ Donatello became famous for the 1st bronze statue created since classical times Architecture showed several new styles of technique such as the dome→ St. Peter’s Basilica & Il Duomo ○ Domes not only created higher buildings, but religiously were supposed to be high in order to be closer to God Michelangelo’s David Michelangelo’s Pieta 1499 Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel 1508 -1512 And 1535- 1541 Mona Lisa (Leonardo DaVinci)  The School of Athens, Raphael - 1509 What do you notice? Women? Philosophers? Body language? Other? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Smd-q44ysoM Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi  The Epic Battle over the Epic Rap Battle We will watch the video 1 time together as a class. Then your group will have 5 minutes to watch the video as many times and find as many actual Renaissance hidden information and look it up as possible for Trivia Link https://edpuzzle.com/media/61527d9e3 dc75f4141537431  Easy way to remember Renaissance M Painters R and Sculptures R L L D Donatello Michelangelo Raphael Leonardo Crash Course: Renaissance Recapping the History Bunker Renaissance Edition Hosted by Mr Hellwig AC CE LE Recap Questions RA TE 1. What is the Renaissance? Where did it D start and why there? 2. Explain the importance of people like Niccolo Machiavelli, Francis I, and Thomas More 3. How did the Renaissance change over time? 4. How did Art develop during the Renaissance? The Reformation Protestant Reformation Pre-1500’s, the Catholic Church was very powerful politically in Western Europe, ○ Renaissance focused on the secular rather than religious ○ People began to question the authority of the clergy ○ Questioned why the popes gained power to create political alliances, there was less time to care and attend to the church ○ Rulers from the HRE, England, France, and Spain began increasing their absolute power and wanted to weaken the pope Martin Luther initiated the Reformation after he posted his Ninety-five Theses in 1517 outside a German church in Wittenberg ○ Protest the sale of indulgences, justification by faith, sola scriptura (bible is source of truth) and state control over the church Indulgences→ grants of salvation for money He also translates the Bible from Latin→ more readable to the masses Gutenberg Printing Press brought increased literacy Protestant Reformation Germans resented papal authority & high taxes ○ German princes saw an opportunity to gain more power Leaders began speaking out on reforming the church (Protestant- PROTEST Reformation- REFORM) ○ John Calvin wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536 destroy the power of the church in Switzerland separation of church & state to increase education to read the Bible His major belief was that God predestined souls you were either going to heaven or hell→ good works do not matter In England, King Henry VIII wanted an heir to his throne, but his wife Catherine of Aragon was not producing a male ○ wanted his marriage annulled by the pope and the pope refused ○ Henry VIII said the king should be head of the Church of England ○ issued the Act of Supremacy (1534) to create the Anglican Church ○ went on to marry 6 wives Henry Vs History Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation) The Counter Reformation aimed to defend Catholic doctrine and refute Protestant ideas ○ Jesuits became more active in education & missionary work After Luther ideas in 1517, the Church held the Diet of Worms (1521) ○ Asked Luther to disavow his writings Luther refused he was excommunicated from the Church ○ The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was to discuss and examine the basic church doctrines and goals Refuted Protestant arguments but did address some corruption Several religious wars broke out in Europe ○ In HRE civil war concluded with the Peace of Augsburg (1555) created the division of Catholic & Lutheran sections of the empire ○ Religious war in France led to the Edict of Nantes (1598) gave freedom to Huguenots (French Calvinists) to freely worship huge success for Reformation as France was historically a very Catholic country Crash Course: Reformation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE Recapping the History Bunker The Reformation Edition Hosted by Mr Hellwig AC CE LE Recap Questions RA TE 1. What was the Protestant Reformation? D 2. Explain the importance of people like Martin Luther and John Calvin 3. How did Henry VIII influence change in England? 4. What was the reaction of the Catholic Church to the Reformation? 5. After Religious Warfare in Europe, how did the Peace of Augsburg and Edict of Nantes change European Society?  Welcome to the History Bunker The Scientific Revolution Hosted by Mr Hellwig AC CE LE RA TE D  An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump, 1. Complete the handout based on the 1768 Painting Joseph Wright of Derby next following Slides a. Part 1- Use the slides and the videos to gather information on the 3 people b. Part 2 Fill in the chart based on the slide / Textbook or internet. 2. Part 3. Choose one of the people in Part 2 to create a 30-60 second flip grid news report about. (Video) Scientific Revolution- Part 1 The Reformation allowed people to question the authority of the church→ leads to people also questioning science & the world ○ Historically, science supported theology (Aristotle, Ptolemy) now uses knowledge, data, and experiments to apply to unknowns ○ Creates cultural movement→ importance of doctors increased, writers publish science articles, questioning of religion, education increased The Scientific Revolution began in the 1500’s as modern science emerged in Europe through the development of math, physics, astronomy, and biology ○ The revolution challenged the religious order and beliefs of the RCC ○ leads to further questioning of authority by the 18th Century→ ENLIGHTENMENT Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) largely started the revolution with his credited discovery of the heliocentric model that the earth revolves around the sun ○ In 1543, he published On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres and the church found it contrary to scripture and common sense→ banned until 1758 Scientific Revolution- Part 1 Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) confirmed Copernicus’ findings through the use of a telescope and also created laws of inertia & gravity ○ “By marvelous discoveries and clear demonstrations, I have enlarged a thousand times the knowledge produced by wise men of bygone ages” ○ Found blood cells under a microscope but was ordered to recant his findings since it was unprecedented to see something without the naked eye Scientific Revolution- Part 1 Lastly, Isaac Newton (1642-1727) published Principia (1687) and established the laws of motion and gravity and created individual thoughts in math through calculus→ confirms and builds off scientists that came before him ○ “If I have seen further, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants” Scientific Revolution- Part 2 William Harvey (1578-1657) continued this research by finding that the heart is the central pumping station for blood (not the liver) Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564)- detailed illustrations of the human body through dissecting corpse Paracelsus (1493–1541) looks at the chemical causes behind sicknesses to treat patients Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723)“Father of Microbiology” who discovers bacteria with microscopes Robert Boyle (1627–1691) “Father of Modern Chemistry” due discovery of gas pressures and volumes and believes in the existence of atoms with use of experimental method Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) proved that the stars in the sky were not fixed through observation Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) develop the 3 Laws of Planetary Motion planets rotate in ellipses, how fast the planets are moving depends on how far they are from the sun, and orbits of planets can be calculated mathematically Recapping the History Bunker The Scientific Revolution Edition Hosted by Mr Hellwig AC CE LE Recap Questions RA TE 1. What is the significance of the Scientific D revolution? 2. Explain the importance of Scientific thinkers like Copernicus, Galileo and Newton.  Welcome to the History Bunker The Age of Absolutism Hosted by Mr Hellwig AC CE LE RA TE D A Nation is a group with a cultural identity but no set borders. A State is a politically organized community living under a single government with set borders. A nation-state is unity of a group with cultural identity with a politically organized community with a government and borders. The Age of Absolutism The Age of Absolutism Link to Article a. When did the period of Absolutism take place? b. What was absolutism? c. What is divine right? d. Why did absolutism become popular? e. Why does it fall? Absolutism developed in Europe Following the Reformation, several religious wars broke out in Europe from the mid-1500s to the mid-1600’s ○ Based on religion, but were more political ○ Thirty Years War (1618-1648) between Protestants in the HRE allied with France & Catholics in the HRE (Hapsburgs, Austria, Spain) reduce Habsburg control in Europe (Map of Europe and After) ○ Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Ended the 30 years war which allowed religious tolerance to all Protestants in the HRE (Protestants/North, Catholics/South) Not just Lutherans vs Catholics like Peace of Augsburg Princes could wage war, raise armies, and choose religions Governments became more important, several absolute monarchies ○ France began gaining more power as Spain’s strength was reduced ○ Monarchs claimed divine right to legitimize power ○ ability to control the church, law, set up permanent armies, raise taxes, declare war, and create a secret police total control of the state economically, politically and socially Back to Notes Back to Notes Back to Notes Absolutism in France Louis XIV of France who reigned from 1643-1715 and was known as the “Sun King”- “I am the state” ○ longest reigning monarch in French history Increased the power of France throughout Europe ○ Used Mercantilism to be self-sufficient with a favorable balance of trade ○ standardized French language, and encouraged science & arts Put France them into lots of debt building of Versailles and waging continuous wars & taxes ○ Versailles is over 721,200 square feet over 17 acres Palace Grounds are largest in world at 1,978 acres. 1 acre = football ○ The Fronde- Noble Uprising, that attempted to limit power of Monarchy Under Louis XIII Louis XIV asserted Control over Nobility through Versailles Revokes the Edict of Nantes in 1685 18 Miles from Paris to Versailles Cost $486,360,250,000 Largest Palace grounds in the World 2,014 Acres , the palace itself is 17 acres 1. Largest Enclosed is forbidden City China (37 Acres) 2. Largest floor space is Royal Palace in Madrid Spain (33 Acres) 1 Acre = 1 Football Field http://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover-estate Absolutism Articles Day in the Life of Louis XIV Link to Article a. Using Specifics, Describe who Louis XIV was as a ruler and as a person b. What stuck out to you in the article- Why? Absolutism in England The last Tudor of England was Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) ○ popular and never married due to her distrust European monarchs Check out the video on Elizabeth I (Next slide) ○ Creates the highest cultural (Shakespeare) & economic period for England defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 granted more religious freedom Following her death, the Stuart dynasty takes over and reduces their interaction with Parliament ○ Tries to create absolute monarchy in England Charles I constantly asked Parliament for money for war throughout the early 1600’s and they eventually denied him Charles I disbands Parliament for denial The English Civil War (1642-1651) between the Roundheads (Supporters Parliament) & Cavaliers (Supporters of the monarchy) results ○ Roundheads win led by Oliver Cromwell- executing Charles I for treason sets up a military dictatorship as “Lord Protector” Characteristics of an Absolute Monarch 1. From your notes fill in details on the Bourbons and Tudors 2. Then in your small group read info on your Dynasty 3. Create an Absolute Absolute Monarch Constitutionalism in England Cromwell's government known as the Interregnum (Commonwealth of England) ○ After Execution of Charles I, no monarch from 1649-1660 ○ Puritan harsh rule over Irish Catholics, No Christmas/Easter, no theatre Charles II (Charles I’s son) is brought back from France after Cromwell ○ restores Parliament and Stuart dynasty, renounced Cromwell James II takes the throne and attempts absolute control ○ Parliament and English nobles invite the Dutch leader William of Orange to invade England Glorious Revolution (1688) with largely no bloodshed or deaths By 1689, William and Mary accept the English throne and set up the English Bill of Rights ○ constitutional monarchy- eliminates idea of divine right, religious toleration to Protestants (not so much Catholics) ○ Parliament→ right to tax, control standing army, call their own sessions ○ Monarchy→ right to declare war, veto power Crash Course: Constitutionalism Constitutionalism Article Redefining Power in England Link to Article a. What was the impact of the “Bloodless Revolution”? b. What kind of power did the monarchs of Great Britain still maintain by 1760? c. What compromises were made to balance power between the monarchy and Parliament? d. Describe the British Cabinet. Recapping the History Bunker The Age of Absolutism Edition Hosted by Mr Hellwig AC CE LE Recap Questions RA TE 1. Why were the religious wars of the D reformation really more political than religious? 2. What is an Absolute Monarch and how do they have a claim to power? 3. How is Louis XIV of France a great example of an Absolute Monarch? 4. How are the Tudor and Stewart ruling styles different and what is their effects? 5. How does the turmoil that is started with the English civil war lead to more parliamentary control over the government? Summing Up Previous Topics Recap getting to the Enlightenment ○ Reformation: The reformation saw a questioning of church doctrine based on problems seen in the Catholic Church by people like Luther, Calvin and Henry VIII. This questioning of the Catholic Church doctrine will set off wars like the 30 years war in the Holy Roman Empire which ends with the Treaty of Westphalia giving choice of Lutheran or Catholic to the kingdoms. In France the Edict of Nantes gave freedom of religion to the Hugenoughts (Calvinists) ○ Absolutism: Absolutism was the idea of complete control by the ruler, in this case the Monarchy with the main example being Louis XIV of France. Taking complete control of the people's lives through removal of the Edict of Nantes and moving power to Versailles. The results in England led to a civil war with the decapitation of the monarchy (literally and figuratively) as they transfer from a absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy with the signing of the English bill of rights by William of Orange ○ Scientific Revolution: What began in the Reformation as a question of Church teaching on religion, so to did the Scientific Revolution were scholars in science and math begane taking a closer look at the natural universe and trying to bring out the order in which all things existed. While people like Copernicus, Galileo, Brahe and Kepler used math and observation to predict the order of the universe and the planets, others like Harvey turned their observations inwards to study the workings of the human body and still others like Newton found constants in the actions of all objects with motion and gravity. These discoveries continued to anger and cause fraction in the Catholic Church Enlightenment and Enlightened Despots Art: Jean Huber, Un dîner des philosophes (1772) Enlightenment The Reformation question laws that governed religion and theology ○ Questioned the Power of the Church The Scientific Revolution challenged the laws of nature and the universe ○ Question the old order and Classic beliefs that were in line with the RCC The Enlightenment challenges the laws that govern humans (18th Century) ○ Uses logic and reason to understand and fix how we govern ourselves ○ Question those who ruled over them- Questioning the Monarchies ○ Begins in France, spread throughout Europe and the New World, and placed an emphasis on reason and individualism rather than tradition→ religion & government Enlightenment affects different groups ○ Philosophers or Philosophose- focus on political authority and citizens rights ○ Physiocrats- focused on economic issues and economic authority ○ Enlightened Despots- used their power to implement enlightenment ideas Enlightenment Madame Geoffrin hold salons where writers, artists, and philosophes exchanged ideas on arts, science, government, and religion ○ Roots for revolution in the American colonies, France, and Latin America Inspires writers like Thomas Paine who writes critically of government in Common Sense Diderot became a leader of Enlightenment in France through publishing the Encyclopedie (1788) which compiled scientific and social knowledge as well as philosophy, math, and psychology Hall of Enlightenment Friday: On a big piece of paper, explain the thinkings of your specific Enlightenment thinker ○ You will use slides 70-75 to find information on your Enlightenment thinker AND ONE outside resource. ○ Your Paper must Include A drawn image of your thinker along with symbols to help people understand the ideas of your thinker Ideas of your person (5-6 bullets) and their book / major literary work Implications on Absolutism- How it agrees or disagrees with Absolutism Implications for the future- Where do we see it today (specifically) Monday: Gallery Walk to complete the handout on Enlightenment Thinkers after you complete the quiz ○ Apply the chart information to the Enlightened Despots Information  Enlightenment Thinker Enlightenment Ideas and Literary Enlightenment Ideas and Literary Works Works Picture AND images Impacts on Absolutism Impacts for the Future (How it agrees or disagrees) (Where do we see these ideas today- BE SPECIFIC)  Hobbes Locke Rousseau Montesquieu Beccaria Voltaire Wollstonecraft De Adam Gouges Smith Bell 1 Bell 4 Owen Rohan Logan Cole Nathan Corwin Ben B Dawt Cody James Truman Myra Lily Kat Sieun Raeden Evi Sid Javier Adham Ram Ziva Jackson Bell 5 Robby Aiden Colin Sara Ari Sadie Sharon Gavn Lily Hem Sai Julia Brayden Payton Clark Ege Sydney Tia Riley Link Emma Bell 7 Samantha Ada Lukas Porter Ari Zoe Tyler Kyra Nicholas Libby Claire Lucy Serena Luca ⦿ Philosophes Thomas Hobbes Leviathan—people are naturally greedy and selfish Life in natural state is nasty, brutal, and cruel Believed in a strong leader—leads to absolute monarchs ⦿ John Locke Natural rights—life, liberty, and property (Declaration of Independence) & tabula rasa or blank slate of all humans Two Treatises of Government—people form the government to protect their natural rights People have the right to overthrow their government if it is not providing their natural rights  Philosophes ⦿ Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Believed people in natural state are good, but corrupted by society ⦿ “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains” Social Contract—argues good of community outweighs good of the individual—government should have power to rule if elected by the people (US—”We the people”) ⦿ Baron de Montesquieu Spirit of the Laws (1748)—separate powers of government into 3 branches ⦿ Each branch should be able to check and balance the other (checks and Balances) ⦿ Separation of Powers (3 Branches of Government- Legislative, executive, Judicial)  Philosophes ⦿ Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishments 1764 Law exists to preserve the social contract and benefit society as a whole Criminals and victims have rights in court ⦿ Voltaire (1694-1778) Used satire and sarcasm to make fun of Enlightenment era through books Battled inequality, slavery, and religious prejudice Believer in freedom of press, religion, speech, petition (Bill of Rights)- against censorship Candide (1759)  Philosophes ⦿ Mary Wollstonecraft Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Equal rights for women will come through equal education ⦿ Olympe de Gouges Political activist for women’s rights and the abolition of slavery Wrote The Declaration of the Rights of Women and Female Citizen during the French Revolution  Physiocrat Adam Smith (1723-1790) (Physiocrat) ○ Wealth of Nations (1776)—free trade and free markets Little to no government involvement (laissez-faire) Rejects the idea of mercantilism Supply and demand should regulate the economy, not governments Basis for free market economics Enlightened Despots Prussia, Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786) ○ Despot Power- Government Power: “The sovereign is the most foremost judge, general, financier, and minister of his country” “We have too many jews in the towns. They are needed on the Polish border because in these areas Hebrews alone perform trade” built up a massive military and centralized government as militaries gained power, wars became a major characteristic of the West during the 18th century ○ Enlightened Power: People’s Rights: ‘Principal servant of the state” “Steward to the citizens at any moment” introduced freedom of religion, freedom of press, and reduced harsh punishments Enlightened Despots Russia, Catherine the Great (r. 1762-1796) ○ Despot Power- Government Power: “penal servitude for life” Expanded borders into Europe & Asia, expand serfdom ○ Enlightened Power- People’s Rights: “Who dare incite serfs and peasants to disobey their landlords should be arrested” “Any serfs and peasants should cease to give the proper obedience to their landlords…and submit unlawful petitions” granted religious tolerance and reduced tortue exchanged letters with Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire & Diderot Enlightened Despots Austria, Joseph II (r. 1780-1790) ○ Despot Power- Government Power: “Subjects are bound to render obedience to their lords” “The robot was three days of unpaid labor a week” Tried to pass 11,000 laws, all stop after death ○ Enlightened Power- People’s Rights: “Servile status of subjects is herewith abolished “Any subject entitled to marry” “Leave his present manor and settle or take service on another within provence” “A subject is free to learn any handicraft, trade, etc…” “Subject are no longer required to perform domestic service for their lords” “No services shall be imposed on or required of subjects beyond the robot” religious equality, freedom of the press, abolishment of serfdom- nicknamed Peasant Emperor  Wrapping the History Bunker The Enlightenment Edition Hosted by Mr Hellwig AC CE LE Recap Questions RA TE 1. What is the Enlightenment and what the differences between the two types of thinkers? 2. 3. How do the Enlightenment Ideas Spread? What the differences in ideas between Thomas Hobbes and John Locke? D 4. What ideas and protections to citizens rights to people like Rousseau, Montesquieu, Beccaria and Voltaire add in the Enlightenment? 5. How do Olympe de Gouge and Mary Wollstonecraft try to bring about women’s equality? 6. What role does Adam Smith play in the Enlightenment? 7. What are the Enlightened Despots and how do the use both Enlightenment and Absolutism ideas? Formative Assessment Questions 1. The Enlightenment challenged a. The laws that govern nature b. The laws that govern religion c. The laws that govern man and economics 2. A person who challenged economic theory was called a a. Philosophe b. Physiocrat c. Enlightened Despot 3. Enlightenment ideas were used or caused which of the following a. The Congress of Vienna b. The American, French and Latin American Revolutions c. The Push for Legitimate Absolute rulers 4. This enlightened thinker created the ideas of the natural lights of life liberty and property a. John Locke b. Thomas Hobbes 5. This enlightened thinker believed that the accused had rights to a fair trial a. Rousseau b. Montesquieu c. Beccara 6. This person believed that personal freedoms extended to the economy as well and the government should be hands off a. Adam Smith b. Mary Wollstonecraft c. Olympe de Gouge 7. This enlightened despot pushed for religious equality and freedom of the press in Austria a. Catherine the Great b. Joseph II c. Frederick the Great 8. 3 Word Phrase Recap of Enlightenment In your notes- Write 3 words that sum up all of the Enlightenment notes you took Friday- does not have to be a sentence Write a phrase (almost sentence) using only 3 words Write 3 words- first two words have to explain or describe or lead to the 3rd word Enlightened Despot? Use Enlightenment DBQ Documents 1, 6, 8 and 9 to answer the following Prompt: Which of the Monarchs; Catherine the Great, Frederick II and Joseph II, were truly enlightened? Create a 1 sentence thesis that answers the question Provide 1 piece of evidence from the documents that shows if each were or were not enlightened Provide reasoning from your notes or reading. Enlightenment Videos TED Talk: Where Good Ideas Come From ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0af00UcTO-c Khan Academy: Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vL4-Ophj5s Tom Richey: Enlightenment ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drgsZc8Gjb8 Tom Richey: Enlightened Despots ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBvZAPQVIro Candide (1759): A Closer Look It begins with a young man, Candide, who is living a sheltered life in a living paradise and being filled with optimism by his mentor, Pangloss. The work describes the abrupt downfall of this lifestyle, followed by Candide's slow, painful disillusionment as he witnesses and experiences great hardships in the world. ○ Immediately after its secretive publication, the book was widely banned because it contained religious blasphemy, political sedition and intellectual hostility hidden under a thin veil of naïveté "Men... must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves. God did not give them twenty-four-pounder cannons or bayonets, and they have made bayonets and cannons to destroy each other.” "What! Have you no monks to teach, to dispute, to govern, to intrigue and to burn people who do not agree with them?" "Do you think... that men have always massacred each other, as they do today? Have they always been liars, cheats, traitors, brigands, weak, flighty, cowardly, envious, gluttonous, drunken, grasping, and vicious, bloody, backbiting, debauched, fanatical, hypocritical, and silly?” “When you were hanged, dissected, stunned with blows and made to row in the galleys, did you always think that everything was for the best in this world?" “We can neither ignore nor transcend pain and suffering; we must cultivate our garden deliberately and with care for all.” Unit 3 Assessment Learning Target: the Scientific Revolution and Reformation lead to the Enlightenment which dramatically impacted the future. Demonstrate the transition from Scientific Revolution and the Reformation into the Enlight and then its effect on the future a. You must use specific details for each of the sections b. This must be done visually with only 1 or 2 words per image that is used. c. Your paper must show the transition from Scientific Revolution/Reformation to Enlightenment to Future Steps to complete this activity a. Look through your notes- write down areas of confusion that you would like clarified based on each section b. Plan out the flow of information you want to talk about Be specific but DO NOT TRY TO COVER EVERYTHING- choose your topics c. Write out the information that needs to be discussed- with ideas on what to draw d. Begin creating your image