Renaissance & Reformation Study Guide PDF

Unit 3 Study Guide: Renaissance & Reformation Renaissance: 1. Define the Renaissance. a. What were the key ideas, or values, of the Renaissance? How/why did it begin/what helped lead to its birth? The renaissance was when People began to criticize the church and combin...

Unit 3 Study Guide: Renaissance & Reformation Renaissance: 1. Define the Renaissance. a. What were the key ideas, or values, of the Renaissance? How/why did it begin/what helped lead to its birth? The renaissance was when People began to criticize the church and combine faith with humanism. Many of these new individual and independent ideas led people to start to question the church. And although there were still many devout catholics, many more christian humanists of the Northern Renaissance criticized the church and questioned the validity of the Latin Catholic Bible-led to the spread of Christian Humanism. And while all of this was going down, many poor things were also going down in the church people didn't agree with such as indulgences, absenteeism, etc. 2. Describe humanism. Focus on human potential and achievements. Slowly shifting away from catholicism and focusing more on individual ideas. Or in other words, considering the welfare of humankind rather than the welfare of Gods. 3. What civilizations did the Italian Renaissance play off of? The Italian Renaissance played off of Rome and Greece in an attempt to bring back their culture and values from the ancient times. During this time many cities and individualaus were still rich from trade. Therefore the Italian city states prospered and it was the perfect place to do it. 4. Describe what a “Renaissance” man means. (hint: characteristics that make a person a Renaissance man) a. Who is the most ideal Renaissance man? A “Renaissance Man” was someone who was considered well rounded in all fields, and also well educated. Typically this focused on people who excelled in art, science, and unique talents. The most ideal renaissance man is Leonardo da Vinci, with Michelangelo as a close second. 5. Who is a person who financially supports the arts? A patron was someone who financially supports an artist. A way they might do this is to donate to the artist or towards their cause. 6. What was the purpose of The Prince written by Machiavelli? Machiavelli was a ruler who was typically considered cruel, or to have cruel ideals. So the purpose of him writing the prince was to offer “practical” or a view on political and leadership advice, but it mostly focused on how a ruler can gain power. He also described a more realistic approach to government rather than just idealism. And lastly he viewed many important topics such as human nature or different types of government. But the main purpose was as a guide for aspiring leaders particularly in Renaissance Italy. Reformation: 7. What were the causes of the Reformation? Firstly, the church was nwo seeming more corrupt with many leaders participating in poor activities such as indulgences etc. Secondly was the rise of humanism which led to more critical thinking. Many rulers were now starting to gain more power rather than the pope or the church. Theological disputes also played a role such as figures like Martin Luther questioning the church's teaching. 8. What is the main corruption that was criticized by Martin Luther? What did he believe in? The main corruption which was criticized was the use of indulgences within the catholic church. Many times he encouraged German princes to reform the Church in their states, and rejected Catholic monastic tenets of poverty, chastity and obedience. These opinions eventually led to the idea of Lutheranism. 9. Who is Martin Luther? What document is he known for writing? Where did he post this writing? What was created due to his teachings? Martin Luther was a theologian who many times went against the church as he found what they did very wrong or corrupt. He is known for writing the 95 theses which were posted on a church's doors. Due to his teachings the views of christianity were widely changed and it laid the groundwork for movements such as Lutheranism and influenced other reformers. 10. Describe the significance of the printing press. a. How did this help, Martin Luther? The printing press helped spread work much easier and more efficiently. It did this by printing out many copies of the same thing rather than it having to be written by hand over and over again. And as more reading tools became available from the press, Literacy also improved. As for Martin Luther, the press helped his writing the “95 theses” be widely spread and created the formation of a movement. 11. Describe John Calvin and the beliefs of his new religion. John Calvin created his new religion “Calvinism” which was a branch of protestantism during this time. Some of his beliefs included that God's will is supreme and everything happens according to his plan. Or that the bible should be the ultimate guide for faith and practice, and many more. Overall he spread his influence around the world. 12. Why did Henry VIII branch off from the Catholic Church? Henry VII branched off from the church, as he wanted to divorce one of his late wives, but the church didn't allow him too. This led him to realize how much more power the pope/church has than the king, which he didn't agree with. So he decided to make his own government instead where he had more power, and was able to divorce his wife. 13. What religion emerged in England due to the Reformation led by Henry VIII? The religion that emerged is referred to as Anglicanism, which came from his new branch, the Church of England. Overall the key features included the king being the head of the church, not the pope. Combining both catholic and protestant beliefs. And a variety of beliefs and practices. 14. Who are the key players and their religions of the reformation? Martin Luther-(Lutheranism) challenge catholic church practices John Calvin-(Calvinism) stressed sovereignty of god and spread influence Henry VII-(anglicanism) formed the church of England, more power to the king than pope. 15. If the Reformation was used to reform the Catholic church, what would be the purpose of a Catholic Counter-Reformation by the Catholic church? The counter reformation was the church's response to the protestant reformation. It reinforced and clarified the teachings and beliefs of the church. It addressed the problems of corruption and improved church practices, encouraging deeper spiritual life. Reassert the church's power and influence, and lastly held meetings like the council of Trent to discuss and implement changes. Overall it was the church's way of responding to the protestant movement.