Stone Age History PDF

STONE AGE  History Ancient Medieval Modern Ancient History #Archeology Archaeology History No written text...

STONE AGE  History Ancient Medieval Modern Ancient History #Archeology Archaeology History No written text Written text Excavation Stone Age Copper Age Bronze Age use of stones to make use of copper use of Bronze tools and other things Harappa Age Proto-historic Pre-historic Written evidence but cannot be No written understood evidence Categorised on the basis of Stone Age stones used Palaeolithic Mesolithic Neolithic (5 Lakh BC-10,000 BC) (9,000 BC-4,000 BC) (7,000 BC-1000 BC)  AD (Anno Domini) or BC (Before Christ) CE (Common Era) 200 BC Jesus Christ Crust Earth: 4000 Million years old 4th stage Quaternary stage Mantle Pleistocene Holocene Core Ice Age After Ice Age Palaeolithic (Palaeo: old; lithic: stone) Lower/Early Palaeolithic Middle Palaeolithic Upper Palaeolithic 5 Lakh BC-50,000 BC 50,000-40,000 BC 40,000-10,000 BC Ice Age Based upon ‘flake’ technology Coincided with last phase Main occupation: Hunting & food of Pleistocene Lower Palaeolithic sites: gathering Appearance of Homo Soan/Sohan: Punjab sapiens (modern man) Belan Valley: Uttar Pradesh Cave/Rock shelters Famous site: Bhimbetka Didwana: Rajasthan (Madhya Pradesh) Nevasa: Maharashtra Caves/rock shelters Hunasagi/Hungsi: Karnataka Flint stone Pahalgam: Kashmir Patne: Maharashtra Ostrich evidence found for the first time  Other Upper Palaeolithic sites: Inamgaon Maharashtra Nevada Didwana: Rajasthan Mesolithic (Meso: middle; Lithic: stone) Basics Geographical Distribution Microliths Meaning: Late Stone Age/ Langhnaj: Gujarat Micro: small; Lith: Mesolithic/Microlithic period (District: Mehsana) Hunters and stones or 8000 9,000 BC-4000 BC Bhimbetka: Madhya Herders Transitional phase between Pradesh (near Bhopal) Palaeolithic and Neolithic Chopani Mando: Uttar Warmer climate; increased flora Pradesh (near Allahabad and fauna in Belan Valley) Provides earliest Bagor: Rajasthan evidence of Sanganakallu: Karnataka domestication of Tuticorin: Southern Tamil animals Nadu Adamgarh: Madhya Pradesh Neolithic (Neo: new; Lithic: stone) Food producers Practiced agriculture · 7000 BC-10,000 000 BCBC Pottery To store excess food grains (black and red pottery) Art Bhimbetka (rock paintings of humans, birds, animals) Neolithic people owned property Sites: Mehrgarh: Baluchistan (evidence of houses, crops like: wheat, barley, cotton) Kashmir Valley: Burzahom and Gufkral Burzahom: 16 km West of Srinagar Domestic dogs were buried with their masters (skeleton evidence) Tools and weapons made of People lived on a lake side in pits Bones except Chirand Gufkral: It is also known as ‘cave of potters’ (41 km Southwest of Srinagar) Agriculture and domestication of animals Bihar: Chirand (Bone tools) Karnataka: Sanganakallu, Brahmagiri, Maski, Piklihal, Hallur Millet cultivation Uttar Pradesh: Allahabad Cultivation of rice Andhra Pradesh: Around Bhima, Krishna and Tungabadra rivers Budihal Utnur: earliest site Nagarjunakonda Tamil Nadu: Paiyampalli and Kaveri Belan Valley: Koldihwa and Mahagara (domestication of Rice in 7000 BC) Garo Hills in Meghalaya Cu mines Daojali Hading: Assam (Jadeite stone seen here) Khetri mines (RJ) Catal Huyuk: Turkey (one of the first human protocities) Malajkhand (MP) 1st metal to be discovered by humans: Copper Chacolithics (Copper Age/Chalcolitjic Age) People lived in rural communities Earliest Ganeshwar (Rajasthan) Sites: Tools made of copper obtained South-eastern Rajasthan: Ahar and Gilund (near Banas Valley) Eastern India: Chirand (Ganga), Burdwan district, Midnapore district Western Madhya Pradesh: Malwa (Narmada), Kayatha (Kalisindh), Eran Western Maharashtra: Jorwe (first) Parvara (Godavari) u Svalda (Tapti river) Savalda Under Jorwe: Nevasa Daimabad (largest site) Chandoli Inamgaon Nasik Navdatoli (Narmada) Burial Habits: They practiced ‘Urn’ burial Did not know about horses and burnt bricks Pottery: Black and red Ochre coloured pottery One liners (from MCQs) The word India that came from the Indus is called Sindhu in Sanskrit Megalith (grave/memorial) that were the stone pieces set in a circular shape around the grave: Cairn circle The practice of erecting Megaliths began about: 3000 years ago A celt in Neolithic period is: A tool First Rice evidence: Koldihwa (Uttar Pradesh) The skull of Homo erectus was found in: Hathnora (Madhya Pradesh near Narmada) Gauri Gun Dam (site): Telangana