Stone Age History PDF

STONE AGEHistory Ancient Medieval Modern Ancient History Archeology History No written textWritten text Excavation Stone Age use of stones to make tools and other things Copper Age use of copper Bronze Age use of Bronze Pre-historic Proto-historic No written evidence Written evi...

STONE AGEHistory Ancient Medieval Modern Ancient History Archeology History No written textWritten text Excavation Stone Age use of stones to make tools and other things Copper Age use of copper Bronze Age use of Bronze Pre-historic Proto-historic No written evidence Written evidence but cannot be understood Harappa Age Stone Age Palaeolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Categorised on the basis of stones used (5 Lakh BC-10,000 BC)(9,000 BC-4,000 BC)(7,000 BC-1000 BC) Archaeology #Jesus Christ BC (Before Christ) AD (Anno Domini) or CE (Common Era) 200 BC Earth: 4000 Million years old 4th stage Quaternary stage Pleistocene Holocene Ice Age Crust Mantle Core After Ice Age Palaeolithic (Palaeo: old; lithic: stone) Lower/Early Palaeolithic 5 Lakh BC-50,000 BC Ice Age Lower Palaeolithic sites: Soan/Sohan: Punjab Belan Valley: Uttar Pradesh Cave/Rock shelters Didwana: Rajasthan Nevasa: Maharashtra Hunasagi/Hungsi: Karnataka Pahalgam: Kashmir Patne: Maharashtra Ostrich evidence found for the first time Middle Palaeolithic 50,000-40,000 BC Based upon ‘flake’ technology Main occupation: Hunting & food gathering Upper Palaeolithic 40,000-10,000 BC Coincided with last phase of Pleistocene Appearance of Homo sapiens (modern man) Famous site: Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh) Caves/rock shelters Flint stoneOther Upper Palaeolithic sites: Inamgaon Nevada Didwana: Rajasthan Maharashtra Mesolithic (Meso: middle; Lithic: stone) Basics Meaning: Late Stone Age/ Mesolithic/Microlithic period 8000 BC-4000 BC Transitional phase between Palaeolithic and Neolithic Warmer climate; increased flora and fauna Geographical Distribution Langhnaj: Gujarat (District: Mehsana) Bhimbetka: Madhya Pradesh (near Bhopal) Chopani Mando: Uttar Pradesh (near Allahabad in Belan Valley) Bagor: Rajasthan Sanganakallu: Karnataka Tuticorin: Southern Tamil Nadu Adamgarh: Madhya Pradesh Microliths Micro: small; Lith: stones Provides earliest evidence of domestication of animals Neolithic (Neo: new; Lithic: stone) Food producers Practiced agriculture 7000 BC-10,000 BC Pottery To store excess food grains (black and red pottery) Art Bhimbetka (rock paintings of humans, birds, animals) Neolithic people owned property Hunters and Herders 9,000 000 BC or ·Sites: Mehrgarh: Baluchistan (evidence of houses, crops like: wheat, barley, cotton) Kashmir Valley: Burzahom and Gufkral Burzahom: 16 km West of Srinagar Domestic dogs were buried with their masters (skeleton evidence) People lived on a lake side in pits Gufkral: It is also known as ‘cave of potters’ (41 km Southwest of Srinagar) Agriculture and domestication of animals Bihar: Chirand (Bone tools) Karnataka: Sanganakallu, Brahmagiri, Maski, Piklihal, Hallur Millet cultivation Uttar Pradesh: Allahabad Cultivation of rice Andhra Pradesh: Around Bhima, Krishna and Tungabadra rivers Budihal Utnur: earliest site Nagarjunakonda Tamil Nadu: Paiyampalli and Kaveri Belan Valley: Koldihwa and Mahagara (domestication of Rice in 7000 BC) Garo Hills in Meghalaya Daojali Hading: Assam (Jadeite stone seen here) Catal Huyuk: Turkey (one of the first human protocities) 1st metal to be discovered by humans: Copper Chacolithics (Copper Age/Chalcolitjic Age) People lived in rural communities Sites: South-eastern Rajasthan: Ahar and Gilund (near Banas Valley) Eastern India: Chirand (Ganga), Burdwan district, Midnapore district Western Madhya Pradesh: Malwa (Narmada), Kayatha (Kalisindh), Eran Western Maharashtra: Jorwe (first) Parvara (Godavari) Svalda (Tapti river) Tools and weapons made of Bones except Chirand Cu mines Khetri mines (RJ) Malajkhand (MP) Earliest Ganeshwar (Rajasthan) Tools made of copper obtained Savalda uUnder Jorwe: Nevasa Daimabad (largest site) Chandoli Inamgaon Nasik Navdatoli (Narmada) Burial Habits: They practiced ‘Urn’ burial Did not know about horses and burnt bricks Pottery: Black and red Ochre coloured pottery One liners (from MCQs) The word India that came from the Indus is called Sindhu in Sanskrit Megalith (grave/memorial) that were the stone pieces set in a circular shape around the grave: Cairn circle The practice of erecting Megaliths began about: 3000 years ago A celt in Neolithic period is: A tool First Rice evidence: Koldihwa (Uttar Pradesh) The skull of Homo erectus was found in: Hathnora (Madhya Pradesh near Narmada) Gauri Gun Dam (site): Telangana