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Soan/Sohan - Panjab Cave / Rock Shelter Belan Valley - Uttar Pradesh Become food Producer Did...

Soan/Sohan - Panjab Cave / Rock Shelter Belan Valley - Uttar Pradesh Become food Producer Didwana - Rajasthan Nevasa - Maharashtra Lower / Early Paleolithic People owned Property Hunasagi/Hungsi - Karnataka Art Bhimbetka - MP (45km of Bhopal ) Pahalagam - Kashmir Pottery Black & Red in colour 1st time Ostrich evidence Patne - Maharashtra Mehrgarh (Baluchistan) evidences of houses & crops FLAKE technology Weapons of bones Middle Paleolithic Paleolithic Hunting & Gathering food means burial Burzahom Kashmir Valley 16km West from Srinagar Last Phase of Pleistocene Neolithic Domestic dog were buried with his masters Human lived in lake side in Pit Appearance of Homosapiens Gufkral - means Cave of potter Use Flint stone Upper Paleolithic 41km South-west of Srinagar Inamgaon - Maharashtra Bihar - Chirand Weapon of bones Nevada - Maharashtra Sangankallu site Didwana - Rajasthan Brahmagiri Karnataka Cave/Rock shelter Bhimbetka - Madhya Pradesh Maski Millet cultivation Piklihal Late stone age / Microlithic Period Sites Stone Age Hallur Warm climate ; increased flora & Uttar Pradesh - Allahabad fauna Budihal Use Fire & Small stone tools Utnur Langhnaj - Mehsana, Gujarat Mesolithic Andhra Pradesh Nagarjunakonda Bhimbetka - Bhopal, Madhya pradesh Around Bhima, Krishna & Tungbadra rivers Chopani Mando - Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu - Paiyampalli & Kaveri Birbhanpur - Burdwan, West Bengal Site Belan valley - Koldihwa & Mahagara Earlist evidence domestiction of Animals Bagor - Rajasthan Meghalaya - Garo hills Sandanakallu - Karnataka Doajali Heading, Assam Jedeite Stone Tuticorin - Southern Tamil Nadu Catal Huyuk - in Turkiye 1st human Proto city Adamgadh - Madhya Pradesh  1st metal discovered by human - Copper Rular Comminitty Facts Jorwe Practice URN Burial Nevasa didn’t know Horse & Burned bricks Daimabad Western Maharashtra Chandoli Jorwe civilization Inamgaon Nasik Navdatoli Ahar Earliest sites South-East Rajasthan Banas Valley Gilund Malwa Copper Age West Madhya Pradesh kayatha Chalcolithic age eran Chirand Bihar Black & Red colored Eastern India Burdwan Pottery West Bengal Ohre Colored Midnapore  6 granaries in each row 1921 Panjab Harappa Coffin Burial Dayaram Sahani Ravi Near Indus / Sindhu river Gopal Mahamdar Sindh Named by - John Marshall Director of ASI Chanhudaro India - Panjab, Haryana, Rajasthan & Western UP City without Citadel Indus Urban Civilization Spread across Pakistan - Panjab, Sindh & Baluchistan Bronze dancing girl - Clay figure of Mother goddess Tribhanga Mudra (dance form) R.D. Banerjee Sindh North - Manda (J&K) Citadel / Acropolis Mohenjodaro East - Alamgirpur (UP) Town in 2 part expansion Lower town - Great bath & granary - Steatite bearded man Largest city Indus West - Sutkagendor (Baluchistan) Grid System - Joint / Double burial - Terracotta ships Ancient port Gujarat South - Daimabad (Maharashtra) Drainage system Lothal Gabarband / Nala - to store water in Town planning Baluchistan - Fire altar - Dockyard Bhogava - 7 fire alters - Ploughed field Black bangles Rajasthan 1st to produce Cotton / Sindon Bronze tool found Animals in it Kalibanga Pashupati Seal Buffalo, Elephant, Tiger, Deer & Rino/Unicorn Unaware of Iron (One horned animal) - Each house has own well Ploughshare Ghaggar Occupation - Textile, Brick layering, Boat Costal areas Technology & Craft making, Bead / Jewellary making Surkagendor Jadeite stone - Daojali Hading (Assam) / Sirkotada one single bone of horse Gold Ornaments - brought form Karnataka Sites - Giant water reservoirs Gujarat Pottrery & Potter wheel found Indus Valley Through evidences of Seals Made of - Steatite & Terracotta Dholavira Civilization Trade with Mesopotamia (Iraq) Divided in 3 Parts evidence - Harrapan seals found there Largest site in India Haryana Trade they called Harrapan Cvilization - Meluha Rakhigarhi Weight measuring - found in 16 multiple - terracotta wheels & toys Ghaggar Barter system used Haryana also trade Lapis Lazuli (blue stone) Script Bhirrana Script was Pictographic Phallus - Male genital organ Oldest IVC sites (in drawing form) Yoni - Female genital organ R.S. Bisht Haryana Religious Pashupati, Trees, Animals & Mother Earth Baustrophedon script Polity practices Banawali Believe in ghosts Lack of grid Pattern Ghaggar No temple Buffalos, Goats, Sheep, Oxen, Pigs Burial with dog Treading community dominate may have been ruled by Marchant class Asses & Camels - for carriers Ropar Domestication of animals Unaware of Cow & Horse - Oval burial pit Aware of Elephants Uttar Pradesh Sanauli Extended burial  Aryan expended from Panjab to Western UP & Oldest text Bihar It is Apaurasheya gifted by God expansion possible - due to Iron weapon & Horses Samhita - collection of Hymns ; para Versus chief means of livelihood Himvanta - Himalaya Brahmans - Virhi - rice Agriculture end of Vedas; sacrifices & rituals Amunjavat - Hindu kush Subdivisions wooden Ploughshare (rular) Aranyakas - Indus - Sindhu Hermits (live in jungle) start Centralizing Jhelum - Vitasta Upanishads / Vedanta - Sabha - Women no longer allowed Knowledge gain, (total-108; main-10) Chenab - Askini Old name Samiti Polity Oldest & Largest Ravi - Parushini Vidatha - Ended 10 Mandals `2nd-7th made originally` Later Vadic Beas - Bipasha Bali - Voluntary offering to King 1028 Hymns (recited by Hotri) 10600 Verses Satlej - Shutudri Brahman - `dominated` Saraswati - Saraswati Deities - Indra, Vishnu, Varuna Kshatriya - `To rule & protect` Varna system 4 Varnas - Vaishya - `trade` Vedas Rig veda Gayatri Mantra - in 3rd mandal Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya & Shudra Shudra - `as servert` Lord Soma - in 9th mandal `(ord of Planet) Somras - energy drink based on Profession Women deteriorated Society Brahmans - from Mouth NO child marriage Gotra (caln) system emerged Kshatriya - from Arms Widow remarriage - Niyogi Society Purush Sukta - in 10th mandal Ashram, Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vaishya - from Thighs Patriarchal society Vanaprasthan, Sannyasa Vadic Age Shudra - from Feet Cow (Aghanya) Gray colored Pottery Pottery Wealth decider contain Chanting Melodies Sama veda Chandogya battle for cow - Gavishthi Upanishad Early Vadic / Kena Elective Monarchy - Hereditary Rig vadic Age Shukla - contains Satapatha Sabha - community of few Privileged in 2 section Krishna - Brahmana (largest) Samiti - community of Common people Polity Yajur veda Brihadaranyaka - oldest upanishad Upanishad Vidatha - Community of Religious People Katha - story of Nachiketa Purohita Samakhya - Kalpna Veda of magic formulaes Senani - Army chief Ranking of Officers Nyaya - Gautam (Scientific approach) Atharva veda 20 Khandas Gramani - Village head Vaisheshika - Kannada (Atom) School of Manduka - Satyameva jayate is taken Worship - Nature Siksha - study of Phonetics Upanishad Indra, Pritvi, Agni, Soma, vayu Yoga - Patanjali Philosophy Maha Upanishad - Vasudeva Kutumbkam Kalpa - study of Practices (rita) (whole world is a family) Rudra - God of Animals Uttar Mimansa - Badrayana Vyankaran - study of Grammar Purva Mimansa - Jamini Aditi - Mothers of Gods Religion Vedangas Nirukta - study of Etymology Savatri - Gayatri Mantra dedicated to it Jyoti - study of Light no animal worship Chhanda - study of Poetic matters Ochre coloured pottery Pottery  Chandragupta Maurya Total - 24 Bindusara Patrons litrature - in Prakrit language Founder of Jainism Bimbisara Right Knowledge - Samyaka Jnana Birth - Ayodhya Ajadsatru Moksh 1st - Rishabhdeva Right Faith - Samyaka Darsana 3 principle Symbol - Bull Jain Philosophy Right Conduct - Samyaka Charitra mentioned in Vedas Ahinsa - No violence Mention in Vedas 22nd - Arishtanevi Satya - Only speak the truth Birth - Varanasi 5 Vows / 23rd - Parshavnath Asteya - Do not steal Principle of living Symbol - Serpent Brahma - Sexually monogamous Main founder Aparigraha - Detach from material things, Symbol - Lion Wear no cloth people & place Birth - 540 BC Cahndragupta Maurya & Bhadrabahu went to Kundgram, Vashali, Bihar Digambar Shravanbelgola, karnataka Death / Moksh - 468 BC Sallekhana - death by fasting Pawapuri, Biharsharif, Bihar Tirthankara Division Wear white cloth Father- Siddhartha Janatakria clan (Kshatirya) Shwetambar Sthulbhadra Mother - Trishla Reason - Femine in magadha (303BC) Wife - Yoshoda 24th - Vardhaman Mahavir 12 Anga compiled 1st - 298 BC, Daughter - Anonja Priadarshni patranised by Bindusar Presided by Sthulbhadra 1st Decipal - Jamali Council Son-in-law 2nd - Vallabhi, Gujarat Left home - at 30 years old Enlightenment / Kaivalya - at 42 years old Jainism Statue of Gomteshwar / Bahubali - Shravanbelgola, krnataka Under a Sal tree, Jambikagram, Rijjupalika river Hanthigumpha cave - 1st Sermon - Pava Jaina Kharavela, Odisha Architecture Also called - Jitendriya & Kevalin (perfectly Udaygiri & Khandgiri - learned) Odisha Rock cut Cave Tample Basadis - Jain Monastery Dilwara Jain Temple - Rajasthan (Mt. Abu) Build by - Vastupala brother  Birth - 623 BC Lumbini, Nepal Nalanda- Kumar Gupta I (Bihar) Death - 483BC Kesariya - Bihar `largest` University Vikramsila - Dharamapala (Bihar) Kushinagar Dhamek - Sarnath, UP Odantpuri - Gopala Father - Suddhodhana (Sakya caln) Ramabhar - Kushinagara, UP Stupa Mother - Mahamaya Sanchi - Madhya Pradesh Mahaprajapati gatmi Chaitya - Prayer place (step mother) (1st bhikkuni) Borobudur - Indonesia Vihara - Reside place Wife - Yasodhara Terms Dhamma Son - Rahul Stupa Gautama Budha Left house - at 29 years old Budhacharitrea - by Asuaghosha Text in Sanskrit 1st - Alara kalama Sutta pitaka- Teaching Jataka tales - previous birth of Budha Teacher 2nd - Udraka ramputre Vinaya pitaka - Monistic rules & codes Tripitaka Enlightenment - Uruvella, Bodh Gaya Abhidarma pitaka - Interpretation of Sutta under Bodhi tree, Niranajna river pitaka Text in Pali 1st Sermon - Sarnath Millindpanho- Milinda & Nagasena no idol worship Lotus - Birth / Janma Hinayana Use Pali language Horse - House abandon / Mahabhinishkramana 480BC Idol worship Symbols Bodhi tree - Enlightenment / Nirvana Ajatshatru 1st - Rajgriha The Truth of Suffering - World is full of suffring Wheel - 1st Sermon / Dharmachakrapravartana Mahakashyapa Use sanskrit language Mahayana Sects The Truth of the Cause of Suffering - Stupa - Death Bodhisattvas Desire 383BC Tantric buddhism Vajrayana Right View Kalasoka 2nd - Vaishali Sabakami Buddhism Right Intention 250BC Council Right Speech Ashoka 3rd - Patliputra Philosphy Right Action The Truth of the End of suffering - 8 fold Path / Ashtangika Marga Moggliputta Tissa Right Livelihood 72AD Right Effort Kanishka Right Concentration Vasumitra 4th - Kashmir Right Mindfulness Buddhism divided into The Truth of the Path leading to the End of Mahayana & Hinayana Suffering - Follow  Munger & Bhagalpur Champa Anga Either Monarchial or Rajagir / Patliputra Gaya & Patna Magadha Republic (Multipal decision maker) Banaras Varanasi Kasi Total - 16 Republic Janpadh - Kuru, Kambija, Vajji, Malla, Assaka Allahabad Kausambi Vatsa Eastern Uttar Pradesh Sravasti/ Auodhya Kosala Mahtura Mathura Surasena Sanskrit Western Uttar Pradesh Ahichchatra & Kampilya Panchala Mahajanpadas Ashtdhayayi - by Panini mention of 40 Janpadh Merrut & S.E. Harayana Indraprastha Kuru Angutaranikaye (16 Mahajnpadas) Janpadh Mention Buddhist literature Jaipur Viratnagar Matsya Dighanikaya (12 Mahajnpadas) Bundelkhand Sothivati / Banda Chedi / Chetiya Jain literature Bhagawati Sutra Madhya Pradesh & Malwa Ujjain / Mahismati Aavanti Anga - Karna (Angaraja) Rawalpindi Taxila Gandhar Varanasi - Varuna + Assi (rivers) Rajori & Hajra (Kashmir) Pooncha Kamboj Facts Ujjain - Kshipra river Bank of Godawari Pratistha / Paithan / Potana Asmaka Vajji - combination of 8 Calns Vaishali Vaishali Vajji (e.g. - jnatrika, Videha, Lichchavi) Deoria & Uttar Pradesh Kusinara Malla  defeated Anga Sister of Prasenjit Advantageous Position (son of Kaushal king) Bimbisara Diplomatically - Rajgriha (surrounded by 5 hills) Chellana (Lichchavi) (544-492 BC) 3 wives Capital Patliputra (situated at the confluence of Reason for Madra Caln (Panjab) ganga & son) expention sent his physician Jivaka to Ujjain (suffering from Jaundice) Availability of large no. of Elephant defeated Lichchavi Great Leaders Harayanka dinasty defeated Koshala (married to king’s daughter) Northern Black Polished Ware Pottery Ajatashatru killed his father (son of Chellana) Panchmarked silver coin - Nishka / satamana Magadha Empire Patronized 1st Buddhist council Artisans & merchants - Guilds / Shrenis defeted Vaishali using war engine Udayin Shifted capital to Patliputra craft was hereditary Dynasties Shishunaga defeated Avanti & merged with Magadha Iron Ploughshare - Agriculture surplus Society Shishunaga dinasty Kalashoka Patronized 2nd Buddhist council Bali - compultary Offering to god Mahapadmananda Ekrath titel (means - empire builder) Rich Peasants - Gahapatis Nanda dinasty Dhanananda Alexandar invaded India (326BC) Peasants - Pay tax 1/6th of their Poduce Mouryan dinasty Chandragupta Maurya Village headman - Bhojaka / Gramini Post Customs tax collector - Shaulkika / Shulkadhyaksha  - defeated Dhanananda with the help of Chandragupta Maurya belongs to - Kautilya `322BC` Mudra rakshasa - Vrishal / kulhina (lower clan) Chandragupta maurya (founder) king - Raja Puranas - Shudras Junagarh Rock inscription - Vaishyas - defetated Selecus Nicator `Helena - daughter` Secretaries - Amatya Amitrochates by the Greeks Territory - Janpada Bindusara Patronized Ajivikas Fort - Durga Saptanga Theory - Origin 7 elements to rule (by Kautilya) Arthashastra - kautaliya/ Chanakya/ ruled fo 12 years Treasure - Kosha Vishnugupta Rulers conqured Kalinga (261BC) Army - Sena Mudra rakshasa - Vishakhadatta (Gupta Period) Sources Ashoka Adopted Buddhism Friends - Mitra Indica - Megasthanese (Greek Travelar) replaced Berighosha (Physical Conquest) with Civil - Dhammagosha (Cultural Conquest) Dharmasthiya nyayalya - (Vyavaharika) Buddhist litrature - Jataka, Dipavamsa / 2 types of Court Mahavamsa, Divyadama last ruler - Brihadratha (defeted by James Princep - 1st to desipher Criminal - Pushyamitra sunga) Kantakashodhan Nayayalaya - (Pradestha) Prakrit language - Brahimi & Kharoshthi script 4 varnas administration 3 Languages Major - 14 Greek language - Greek script & 4 Scripts Indica - 7 classes, no slavery Society Aramaic language - Aramaic script Women occupied high Position in Army Devanami Piyadashi - Rocks Ashoka (devon ka priya) Tax - 1/4th - 1/6th Maski - Karnataka Bali - `no to Lumbani People` Economics Gujjara - Madhya Pradesh Ashoka mentioned Bhoga - tax of Agriculture Sannidhata - chief Treasury officer Minor - 15 in these Brahmagiri Western - Bharuch, Supara Samharata - Collector general of Revenue Ports Nittur East - Tamralipti Gopa - responsible for Account total - 7 Akshpatala - Accountant General Mauryan Empire Prakrita language - Brahmi script Nagarka - responsible for city administration Pillars Delhi-Topra Pillar edict - only with 7 edict Sitadhakhsha - responsible for Agriculture Ashokan Edicts Lauriya Aaraj (Bihar) Samshthadhyaksha - responsible for Market Officers Lauriya Nandagarh (Bihar) Navadhyksha - responsible for Ships Bull - Parliament Shulkadhayaksha - responsible for Toll tax Capital Elephant Dhamma Mahametra - to check Dhamma is being followed or not (by Ashoka) Lion - Vaishali Municipal administration - (6 committee - Barabar hill caves - Bihar 5member each) (by Ashoka for Buddhist) according to Megasthenese Army - (6 committee - 5member each) Lomas Rishi cave - Bihar Nagarjuni cave - Bihar (by Dasrtha Marya)  Pushyamitra Sunga (founder) also called - Yuezhis / Tocharians capital - Vidisha (Madhya Pradesh) capital - Peshavar then Mathura follow Hinduism sons of gods, king of kings patronized Buddhism - Barhut stupa (Madhya Pradesh) Kadphises - 1st dinasty Sunga Dynasty son - Agnimitra most powerful ruler - kanishka (2nd Ashoka) 185BC - 73BC Malvikagnimitra - story of love of Agnimitra & Malvika (by Kalidas) Patronised 4th Buddhism council (Mahayana) Purest form of gold coins Mahabhasya - (by Patanjali) controlled Silk Roote Devbhuti (last ruler) killed by - Vasudev Pottery - Red Ware Kanva dynasty Impact in India society Kushans 73BC - 28BC Presant day - Maharashtra introduce - Horceman technique, 1st - 3rd century AD Capital - Paithan / Pratisthan Turban, Sherwani Vasudeva (founber) Simuka Satvahana (founder) Kshatrapa system - Military Governership (stratequs by greeks) capital - Patliputra Polity started - Lead coins Worship Shiva & Buddha GautmiPutra Satkarni defeted Ksatrap Nahapina (greatest ruler) (rular of Saka) Buddhacharitra - Ashvaghosha embraced Brahmanism Mahavetre & Divyadana Literature Satvahana dynasty Patriarchial and Matrilineal Kamasutra - Vatsayana 60BC - 225AD started the Practice to donating the land (to Medicine - Chanaksamhita bhramans & Buddhist monks) (by Charak) Science Post Mauryan Parthiyan Many Chityas, Viharas were cut out from rock Sushruta - father of Surgery Empirer Ajanta & Ellora caves built after Saka Stupa - Amravati & Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Junagarh Rock Inscription known as Girnar Pradesh) (Gujrat) Rudradaman I Kshatrapa Prakrit language Repaired Sudarshan lake - constructed by Pushayagupta Vaisya (in Mauryan dynasty) 1st to cross Hindu kush - Greeks Invasions from Most famous ruler - Milindapanho - one of the branches settled over western part Meader / Milinda question by Nagasena to buddhist monk of India that ruled 5 Branches Central India (until 4th century AD) gold coin Sakas dynasty started Vikram Samvat (Seythians) 1st to introduced coins attributed to king (followed by Hindus) (In 57 BC) Vikramiditya Parmar defeated Saka Hellinstic art - gandhara art Capital - Ujjain (Norhten west)  total - 3 sangam ruling in - Tamil Nadu Patronised by Pandyas capital - Madurai held at - Muchangam (bank of Vaigai) (Tamil region) Emblem - Fish Sangam 1st - Madurai - (Agastasya) 1st mention - Megasthenese 2nd - Kapadapuram Grammatical Tamil text - (Tolkappiyar) Tolkappiyam famous for Pearls Pandaya 3rd - Madurai - (Nakkirar) treaded with Romans collectively called Melkannakku Narrative (story) Ports - Korkai 8 major work forms of litrature collectively called Kilkanakku Ruling class - Arasar Didactic known as Cholmandalam (poetic) 18 minor work - Rich Peasant - Vellalar Society about Akam (love) & Puram (war) Between Pennar & Velar river Lowest class - Kadaisiyar Story of Kovalam, Kannagi (wife) & Madhavi NE to Pandayas Litrature (dasi & lover) Silapathikam (by Ilango Adigal) Capital - Uraiyur & Puhar Kannagi - goddess of Purity & (known as Kaveripattanam) Chastity in kerala (Port city) Chola Manimegalai about the daughter of Traded in Cotton colth (by Sattonar) Kavalam & Madhavi Earliest ruler - Elara ruling in - Kerala, Tamil nadu each has chief - Muvendar Greatest ruler - Karikala capital - vanjji / Vanchi Kurinci - hunting & gattering (Battle of Vanni) Port - Muzris & Tondi Sangama Age Palai - Cattal lifting & Plundering Emblem - Tiger Thinais - Geographical Area Augustus temple - Muzris (Total - 5) Mullai - Animal Husbandary connection with Romans Chera Marutam - agriculture Emblem - Bow & Arrow Naytal - Fishing & Salt manufecture Geography Greatest chera - Senguttuvan Bindusara - conqueror of land (Red chera) between 2 seas Worship - Kannagi Ashoka inscription - (goddess of Chastity) KaralaPutras (Chera), Satyaputras, Chola, Pandya, Tamraparni (People of Sri lanka)  Title - Maharajadhiraja Wife - Kumaradevi (Lichhvi princess) Gupta / Chandragupta 1 story of Ramgupta (brother) 1st to copper coin Sri Gupta 319AD - 334AD Started Gupta era Dhruvadevi (brother’s wife) successfully resisted Hunas (320AD) killed Saka Invader Title - Vikramaditya founder Gold coins - Dinars (most no. of coins) highest Watermark (ruled largest terrietory) Bhuktis - under the charge of Uparika Greatest king of dynasty Ghatotkach (son) (divided into districts) formed matrimonial alliance - married Empire never defeated Prabhavati Gupta (daughter) with Rudrasena 2 Vishayas - under the charge of Vishayapati (Decentralized administration) (Vakataka Prince) Prayaga Prasasti - Vithis - under the charge of Nagarpati Record of Allahabad Pillar inscription his reign in 1st to start silver coin (after defeating Sakas) (by Harisena) Villages - under the charge of Gramika Mehrauli (Iron pillar inscription) Kumarmatya - provincial officer Samundragupta Napolean of India (by V A Smith) Mahadanda Nayaka - officer responsible for 335AD - 380AD Amarsimha Officer punishment Title - Kaviraja, Param Bhagvat, Dhanvantri Sarva-raj-ochchetta (uprooter of all kings) Sandhivigrahika - officer of War & Justice Harisena Playing Veena of coin Senabhakti - villagers have to fed Army passing through that village Kalidas (Shakespeare of India) performed ashwamadha Yajna Bhaga - 1/6th of the production Administration Skandagupta Navratnas Kahapanaka Bhoga - periodic supplies of fruits, flowers 455AD - 461AD Chandragupta 2 Sanku etc. to king 380AD - 414AD Bali Taxes Varahamihira Uparikara - extra tax Vararuchi Vishti - forced labour Vetalbhatta Varah - Avatar of Lord Vishnu Title - Vikramaditya (a great boar) ldol of Varah protecting Fa-Hein (1st chinese traveller) Built by - Chandragupta 2 Goddess Earth in Udaygiri, MP. Abhjyan Shakuntalam Kumargupta 1 Dasavatara Temple 415AD - 455AD Malvukagnimitra (Jhansi, UP) Culture Gupta Era Raghuvamsa dedicated to Lord Krishna Bhitargaon Temple (Kanpur, UP) 310AD - 540AD attacks by Hunas books of kalidas Meghaduta known as - Oldest Brisk Temple `from central Asia` Source - Bhitari Pillar inscription bult Nalanda University Kumar Sambhavam Ritusamjara love story of Chardatta & Vasantasena Mrichichkatika (by Sudraka) known as - The little clay art