2022 Human Anatomy and Histology Final Exam Paper PDF

# WSU ## Walter Sisulu University ### In pursuit of excellence ## DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN BIOLOGY ## HUMAN ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY ### BMA 27M0 and BMA 23M0 ## FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER ## ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 Examiners: Ms. M Shauli; A/Prof. MA Gari Moderator: Prof. C Rusike ### Instructions: 1. The exam...

# WSU ## Walter Sisulu University ### In pursuit of excellence ## DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN BIOLOGY ## HUMAN ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY ### BMA 27M0 and BMA 23M0 ## FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER ## ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 Examiners: Ms. M Shauli; A/Prof. MA Gari Moderator: Prof. C Rusike ### Instructions: 1. The exam paper has two sections, Histology in section I and Gross Anatomy in section II. 2. Answer all the Histology questions in the answer book. 3. Answer all Anatomy questions on the exam paper. 4. Write your surname on this front page too. ### Total Marks: 125 marks ### Time: 3 hours # HISTOLOGY SECTION I [60 MARKS] 1. a). Mention four histological features that best describe skeletal muscle. [2] b) Contrast the above features with the histology of smooth muscle. [2] c) Give two examples of each type of muscle in the human body. [2] 2. Contrast epidermis and dermis based on six histological components. [6] 3. Describe the most important histological features that characterize the following types of skin: Dark skin, thin skin and thick skin [3] 4. Give two locations of each type of cartilage in the human body. [3] 5. Explain the histological features of compact bone addressing the following: [5] * Where are its cells located? * Is there any type of communication between those cells? * Two core components of its extracellular matter. 6. Draw and label, the morpho-functional unit of compact bone. [4] 7.1 Draw and label the morphological features of the following neurons: [4] * a) Pseudo-unipolar * b) Multipolar * c) Pyramidal * d) Purkinje 7.2 Fill the following table regarding the types of neurons above-mentioned: [4] | Neuron | location | function | Neurotransmitter released | Effect of the neurotransmitter | |---------------------|----------|----------|----------------------------|--------------------------------| | Pseudo-unipolar | | | | | | Multipolar | | | | | | Pyramidal | | | | | | Purkinje | | | | | 8. Choose two cell populations that are part of the following organs and describe their morphology (shape) and function. If you wish, you can draw the shapes of the cells too: [10] * Heart: * Lungs: * Kidneys: * Stomach: * Liver: 9.1 Draw the thoracic segment of the spinal cord and represent the following structures: [5] * The grey and white matter, the spinal ganglion, the spinal roots, and the spinal nerves. 9.2 Mention the cells that synthesize myelin in the CNS and the PNS. [2] 9.3 Briefly explain the event that may occur because of the destruction of the myelin. [3] 9.4 List the 3 neurons that are part of the retina and create a diagram to demonstrate their synapses until the formation of the optic nerve. [5] # Gross Anatomy Section II [65 marks] ## Student Surname: ## Initials: ## St. number: ## Case Scenario Mr. Mpembu was involved in a car accident and was rushed to the hospital. On examination, the doctor realizes that he has a fractured bone in his lower limb. ### Tasks: 1. Identify the following bones (A, B, C, D) and list the two that belong to the lower limbs. [3] * A * B * C * D 2. Due to the fractured bone, Mr. Mpembu cannot move his right knee joint. Fill the following table in relation to the knee joint: [10] | Name of the movement | Muscle compartment that perform the movement | Two muscles that are part of the compartment | Innervation of these muscles | |------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------| | | | | | | | | | | 3. The doctor realizes that all pulses are palpable. List five arteries that supply blood to the lower limbs, and organize their names following the route of the blood. [6] 4. Mr. Mpembu also has trauma to his head. His cranium does not have any fracture, but the doctor suspects that a blood vessel may have ruptured inside his skull. [8] * a) Identify the bones labelled from A to H. * A = * B = * C = * D = * E = * F = * G = * H = * b) In the above-picture, label two sutures and one fontanelle. [3] The picture below shows an anterior view of a section of the cerebrum where blood has accumulated on two sides. * c) Label the outermost meningeal layer on each side of the image. Classify the type of haematoma with respect to this meningeal layer. [3] * d) According to the narrative in question five, which side of the picture may illustrate Mr. Mpembu's condition? Support your answer. [2] 5. The haematoma is compressing one lobe of Mr. Mpembu's cerebrum. * a) In the following picture, label the cerebral lobes. [4] * b) The haematoma is compressing cerebral lobes; give a function at risk in each cerebral lobe. [8] * Lobe | Function affected * -----|------------------- * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * c) In the picture above (Q # 5 a), label the part of the brain stem that you can see. Name those parts that are not visible. [3] 6. Mr. Mpembu needed a tracheostomy. In the picture below, identify the structures labelled with lines. Write the name of the nine structures close to the labelling line. [4.5] 7. Mr. Mpembu's medical history reveals that he has cataracts and hearing loss. * a) In the following picture, identify ten structures marked with lines. Write their names close to the line that labels each structure. [5] * b) In the following picture identify the eleven-marked structures; write their names close to the line labelling the structure. [5.5]