2_Identifying disaster and hazard mapping.pdf

LESSON 2 IDENTIFY AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS THAT MAY LEAD TO DISASTERS LESSON 3 DISASTER FROM THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES (PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIO- CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND BIOLOGICA...

LESSON 2 IDENTIFY AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS THAT MAY LEAD TO DISASTERS LESSON 3 DISASTER FROM THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES (PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIO- CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL). 1. Physical Perspective Environmental Impact: Includes damage to ecosystems, pollution, and changes in landscapes. For example, a hurricane might cause coastal erosion or deforestation. Infrastructure Damage: Destruction of buildings, roads, bridges, and utilities. For instance, earthquakes can collapse structures, while floods can wash away roads. Human Casualties: Physical injuries and deaths resulting from the disaster. 2. Psychological Perspective Trauma and Stress: Experiencing a disaster can lead to PTSD, anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. Survivors may struggle with grief, fear, and uncertainty. Coping Mechanisms: Individuals and communities develop various coping strategies, which can range from positive (community support, therapy) to negative (substance abuse). 3. Socio-Cultural Perspective Social Disruption: Disasters can displace communities, disrupt social networks, and challenge social cohesion. This can lead to changes in family dynamics and community support systems. Cultural Impact: The loss of cultural heritage, traditions, and practices can occur if significant sites or artifacts are destroyed. The response to disasters can also be influenced by cultural beliefs and practices. 4. Economic Perspective Direct Costs: Immediate expenses related to emergency response, rescue operations, and repairs. For example, the cost of rebuilding infrastructure. Indirect Costs: Long-term economic effects, such as loss of livelihoods, decreased productivity, and impacts on trade and tourism. Disasters can also lead to inflation and increased poverty rates. 5. Political Perspective Government Response: The effectiveness of disaster response can influence public opinion and political stability. Successful management can bolster a government's reputation, while failures can lead to political fallout. Policy and Legislation: Disasters can prompt changes in laws and policies related to disaster preparedness, environmental regulations, and urban planning. 6. Biological Perspective Health Impact: Spread of diseases, injuries, and long-term health consequences due to exposure to hazardous conditions or lack of medical care. Impact on Flora and Fauna: Disasters can disrupt ecosystems, leading to loss of biodiversity, changes in species distribution, and the introduction of invasive species.