The Role of SACS High School Employees in Reducing Plastic Usage PDF

**THE ROLE OF SACS HIGHSCHOOL EMPLOYEES IN REDUCING PLASTIC USAGE WITHIN THE CAMPUS** A Research Paper Presented to St. Alphonsus Catholic School (Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu) Inc. Junior High School In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject English 10 By: Yoau L. Ali Maritt Ingri...

**THE ROLE OF SACS HIGHSCHOOL EMPLOYEES IN REDUCING PLASTIC USAGE WITHIN THE CAMPUS** A Research Paper Presented to St. Alphonsus Catholic School (Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu) Inc. Junior High School In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject English 10 By: Yoau L. Ali Maritt Ingrid P. Amoin Yvaine Raudelle F. Apilan Chloe Monnique Baccay Emmanuel Jay A. Berdin Zeke Mari O. Bering Jeff Andrey P. Juranes Franz Gabriel R. Omega Janel Jane G. Paquibot Dave Mathieu Z. Remata Jeth Anthony V. Tumulak **CHAPTER 1** **THE PROBLEM AND THE SCOPE** **This chapter introduces the rationale of the study, in which studies have shown the roles of students in dealing and reducing of plastic usage but only few studies show the roles of employees in reducing plastic usage within the campus. The challenges they face and the benefits they gain in reducing plastic usage.** **Rationale** Plastic plays a significant role in our daily lives due to its durability, and versatility. It is used in packaging materials for household items. It can take hundreds of years to break down, meaning that a plastic bottle used today could still be around for future generations. It offers numerous benefits, though damaging our environment in the process. Affecting both the wildlife and the people's health. As it piles up it pollutes our soil and water, harming animals that may mistaken plastic as food to eat. The growing use of plastic materials has emerged as a global environmental and health challenge, driven by their convenience and low cost but limited biodegradability. Traditional strategies focusing on technical solutions alone are proving insufficient, prompting researchers to emphasize human behavior as a significant factor in addressing plastic waste (Bablok, Drews, & Menzel, 2019). Studies have shown that while public awareness of plastic's environmental impact is generally high, ingrained habits, social norms, and situational factors heavily influence consumption and disposal behaviors (Schumpert & Dietz, 2015). Schools, which generate significant plastic waste daily, present an impactful setting for waste reduction education and sustainable practices (Artie, 2022). Implementing programs like Zero Waste initiatives can reduce plastic waste while fostering environmental stewardship among students and staff (Schumpert & Dietz, 2015). These programs typically focus on phased approaches---starting with training and awareness, and extending to policy changes such as sustainable purchasing and enhanced recycling infrastructure. The study of Sultana in 2016 explores the role of South Asian universities, specifically in Bangladesh, in promoting environmental sustainability practices on campus and the challenges they face. The study investigates whether a simplified version of the Campus Sustainability Assessment Framework (CSAF) can be applied to assess environmental management in Bangladeshi universities and identifies barriers to implementing sustainability practices. The results are organized into three parts: knowledge indicators, governance and financial indicators, and water, materials, and energy indicators. The paper provides an overview of the environmental sustainability efforts at Bangladeshi universities, with a focus on education, research, governance, and operations. The effectiveness of the government policies in approaching to the plastic pollution problems in the Philippines is heavily dependent on how strict the implementation of the policy is, not necessarily how strict the policy itself. In which plastic bag regulations with strict implementation have produced dramatically lower plastic bag use (GAIA, 2019). Balancing the act of development which implies adapting to changes while respecting the values of conservation, sufficiency, modernization, and solidarity is the heart of Education for Sustainable Development (Flores & De Los Reyes, 2021). Education is important to change behaviors, but awareness alone is not enough (Msengi et al., 2019). This study is primarily concerned with the roles of the St. Alphonsus Catholic School High School employees in setting an example to the students. Fostering sustainable practices to the younger generations in dealing with environmental issues. Promoting environmental sustainability within the campus. Contributing to reducing plastic usage while educating the students the plastic\'s impact to the environment. Further, this study would aid the SACS Highschool employees in gaining insights on what to influence the students, gaining them actions that can contribute to future generations. Assisting them on what policies to implement in the campus. More importantly, not only the SACS Highschool employees can benefit from this study but also the students, they can gain new understanding and insights. The objective of this study is to identify the roles of SACS Highschool employees, whether their roles can benefit them. **\ ** **Theoretical Background** This study is anchored on the following theories: Theory of planned behavior (Azjen, 1991), Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977), and Organizational Change Theory (Burke, 2022). **Theory of Planned Behavior (Azjen, 1991)** Icek Ajzen, a psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, proposed the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) wherein the individual's behavior is best predicted by one's intentions. Intentions are assumed to capture the motivational factors that influence the behavior; indications of how hard people are willing to try, and how much effort they are willing to exert. In which the performance of a behavior is a joint function of intentions and perceived behavioral control. For accurate prediction, several conditions have to be met. First, the measures of intention and of perceived behavioral control must correspond to (Azjen & Fishbein, 1977) or be compatible with (Azjen, 1988) the behavior that is to be predicted. Intention, perception of behavioral control, and attitude toward the behavior can each serve as a point of attack in attempts to change it. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is a psychological theory that seeks to explain and predict human behavior based on three key components: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. It emphasizes how intention influences behavior. Applying this theory to The Study provides insights into how and why the employees\' behaviors might have changed. This theory answers most of the psychological part of the Study, as it's directly questioning the mentality of the employees that reside within St. Alphonsus Catholic School. As the theory states, the intentions and motives of each employee can and could compel them to make changes within the campus, such as enforcing the practice of reducing plastic usage. **Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977),** The social learning theory, which was initially proposed by psychologist Albert Bandura, states that learning happens through modeling, imitation, and observation and is affected by a number of variables, including motivation, attention, attitudes, and emotions. The idea takes careful consideration of how cognitive and environmental factors connect to influence learning. Focusing on the idea that people learn behaviors by observing and imitating others, as well as through rewards and punishments. This theory applies to the study because it demonstrates how social influences can affect behaviors. In this case, workers in school may have adopted the proper disposal methods of plastics from realizing how good role models were set up and followed by a respected leader or colleagues showing environmentally friendly practices. The continuous practice of proper disposal can thus be a model of behavior for others to emulate. The theory further states that people learn when they see the results of other people\'s actions. Bandura\'s theory goes beyond cognitive theories, which take into account psychological factors like memory and attention, and behavioral theories, which claim that all behaviors are learned through conditioning. Rewarding behaviors are more likely to be imitated, whereas punishing behaviors are avoided. **Organizational Change Theory (Burke, 2022)** Also referred to as change management, is a multidisciplinary field that researcher organizations change and implement.. It attempts to find the best ways to lead successful transformations in an organization. Crucial for enhancing and improving organizational effectiveness and/or ensuring organizational growth. It is a management insight that tries to explain organizational behaviors, designs, or structures. management, is a multidisciplinary field that researches how organizations change and implement change. It attempts to find the best ways to lead successful transformations in an organization. Organizational change theory focuses on how organizations adapt to internal and external changes to achieve a desired transformation. It often involves shifts in practices, attitudes, behaviors, and processes within the organization. This theory is useful for understanding and managing the implementation of changes within an organization. In the context of the study, this theory can provide an applicable framework for analyzing and explaining how SACS High School may have implemented changes to improve plastic disposal behaviors among employees. **Statement of the Problem** This study aims to determine the roles of St. Alphonsus Catholic School High School employees in contributing to reducing plastic usage within the campus. The plastic waste problem has been around for many years, but has only been a major environmental issue that needs to be addressed. Reducing plastic usage will not only protect the environment but also helps reduce expenses. It also specifically asks the following questions: 1. What particular actions do employees practice within the workplace to reduce the usage of plastic materials? 2. What are the benefits that the SACS High School employees gain in reducing the use of plastic? 3. What are the challenges that the SACS High School employees encounter in terms of reducing plastic usage? 4. How can SACS High School employees promote responsible plastic use among students? **Scope and Delimitation** This study is focused on reducing plastic usage along the campus of St. Alphonsus Catholic School. It will focus on SACS High School employees, including administrators, teachers, cafeteria staff, and custodial personnel involved in initiatives to reduce plastic waste. By studying the role of our school's employees, this research aims to identify specific actions they can take to cut down on plastic waste. The findings will guide SACS High School employees in creating practical steps that make the campus neater and cleaner, benefiting not only the school but also the students and employees. **Significance of the Study** This study looks at the role of SACS High School employees in reducing plastic waste in campus, an important step toward creating a more sustainable environment. Schools have a unique opportunity to influence positive environmental change, not only by educating students but by actively promoting green practices. The dedication of SACS staff members, from teachers to administrative and support staff, plays a key role in cutting down on plastic use and shifting toward eco-friendly alternatives. The immediate beneficiaries are the students, staff, and families at SACS High School Department. **To the Students**. They may gain influence into reducing their use of plastic. It also challenges their actions and their way of thinking. It encourages students to think critically about the long-term consequences of plastic waste on ecosystems, human health, and future generations. By learning about the environmental impact of plastic, students are not only provided with the knowledge of how plastic affects the environment, but also encouraged to reflect on their daily consumption habits. This process can foster a greater sense of responsibility, making them more conscious of their actions and potentially leading to a reduction in plastic usage. The insights gained from the study can also empower students to become advocates for change within their communities, inspiring their peers, families, and local organizations to adopt more sustainable practices. **To the Teachers.** Empowering them to lead these changes, the school can set a positive example for students, inspiring them to adopt sustainable practices that they can carry forward. By integrating sustainability into their teaching, teachers set a powerful example for students, showing that change begins with individual responsibility. This can encourage students to reflect critically on their own habits and inspire them to take action both in school and within their local communities. Teachers have a unique opportunity not only to inform students about the environmental effects of plastic but also to showcase practical solutions through their own behaviors and teaching methods. **To the School Administrators**. This study can help them set policies. Understanding the current situation and engaging in making our campus better. Influencing the people in the campus to use eco materials. Moreover, this study can serve as a powerful tool for engaging the campus community---students, faculty, and staff---in the effort to make the campus more eco-conscious. By increasing awareness of the environmental impact of daily activities and emphasizing the advantages of using sustainable materials, the study can encourage a collective change in attitude. Furthermore, it can assist administrators in assessing the success of existing practices and pinpointing areas for improvement. Through surveys, feedback channels, and collaboration with sustainability specialists, they can refine policies to ensure the campus not only achieves its environmental objectives but also serves as a model for the wider community in fostering a greener future. **To the Local and Global Environment**. Reducing plastic waste at SACS contributes to broader environmental health by minimizing pollution that can harm local wildlife and ecosystems. These efforts also support global sustainability goals, making a small but meaningful impact on the fight against plastic pollution. **To the other Schools and Educational Institutions**. Schools looking to implement sustainable practices can use SACS as a model. The insights from this study may provide valuable strategies that other institutions can use to reduce plastic waste and promote environmentally responsible policies. **To the Future Generations**. Fostering a culture of environmental responsibility, this study helps establish lasting habits that will benefit future generations. Introducing sustainability initiatives in schools builds awareness and commitment among students, empowering them to lead environmentally conscious lives. **To the Future Researchers**. This study would serve as their guide and help them in their future studies. They may also use this as reference in knowing the influence of school employees within the students. **Operational Definition of Terms** The following words and phrases are operationally used in this study to provide a clearer understanding for the readers: **Plastic** **Usage** **Benefit** **Environment issues** **CHAPTER 2** **REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY** **This chapter presents the literature and studies that can relate and have been identified as relevant to the group\'s research topic. Further, these studies and literature can be used to expound the purpose of this research topic.** **Review of Related Literature** In the study of Debrah, Vidal, and Dinis (2021) highlights the importance of educating students on Solid Waste Management (SWM) in developing countries facing rapid urban growth. The research found that while students may have awareness of environmental issues, a lack of practical education from teachers prevents them from putting sustainable practices into action. Teachers' limited environmental knowledge impacts their ability to guide students effectively, resulting in missed opportunities to promote responsible waste management. The authors suggest that schools should bridge this gap by implementing hands-on environmental education and improving teacher training in SWM. These steps can help develop sustainable attitudes and behaviors in students, supporting better waste management in urban areas. The study by Israel Msengi et al. (2019) looks at the awareness and practices of students and staff about solid waste management at a Catholic school in the Philippines. Even though they were very aware and had positive attitudes, their waste disposal habits did not match their knowledge. The study shows that education is important to change attitudes and behaviors, but awareness alone is not enough. The researchers suggest including environmental education in school programs to encourage proper waste disposal. They also recommend creating a school waste management program for a cleaner and more sustainable campus. The paper \"Plastic Pollution Policy Country Profile: Philippines\" by Schachter and Karasik (2022) discussed the critical issue of plastic pollution in the country. It has been continuously surging with each day but despite several local measures enacted, it still proliferates. According to the report, there are both national and subnational policies, though it is very limited as regards country approach. Different government units, such as local levels of the government, implement either bans based on regulations or campaigns based on information. But what matters more than strict policies is how the policies are enforced. Strict enforcement of plastic bag bans in cities, such as Quezon City, has, for instance, been behind quite drastic drops in the use of plastic bags. Conversely, while problems to waste management persist, such continue to remain at localized manageable levels due to a persistence of high generation rates. Ordinances on their own seem not sufficient. The ordinances must themselves have proper implementation and attendant infrastructure for waste management. Future recommendations to the authors: policy evaluation must be reviewed continuously and investments in waste management infrastructure should be justifiable for the fight against plastic pollution especially since the country is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts and plastic impacts on the environment. In the study of Hoque, Clarke, & Sultana. (2016). The dives deeply into Bangladeshi universities\' strategies to environmental sustainability, pointing out that these organizations frequently lack accurate known environmental standards. Common strategies include bare minimum water conservation measures, simple ways to save energy, and limited recycling efforts. In general, green space are not well-rounded, with more attention given to preservation than development. Poor organizational priority, a lack of awareness or education on sustainability problems, and a lack of funds are major barriers to putting improved environmental practices into practice. In order to create a sustainable culture, the article emphasizes that colleges could benefit from greater awareness efforts, cooperation with environmental organizations, and more detailed rules. In the study of Crowley (2020). The study aims at factors that predict the use of plastic bags in three municipalities in the Northern Philippines---Sarrat, Vintar, and Solsona---that do not have plastic bag bans. The results show that the weekly use of plastic bags is predicted by age, municipality, and public waste disposal. Perceptions of the environment and education are not important factors. The study recommends more education programs and financial gains to cut down on the use of plastic bags. **Review of Related Study** According to the study of Chin, Mahanta, & Nath. (2023). In a study that discusses about the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of Malaysians regarding plastic pollution. The study utilizes an online survey with 294 valid responses and analyzes the data through descriptive statistics, KAP scoring, and statistical test. The finding reveals that the overall knowledge and practice scores of the respondents were poor, with older respondents demonstrating greater knowledge compared to younger respondents. However, attitudes and practices are significantly higher towards reducing plastic pollution. Based on the findings, the study suggests such as raising environmental awareness, and provide accessible recycling facilities to encourage better practices towards minimizing plastic use and pollution. The KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practices) study is thought to be useful in reducing plastic pollution because understanding the public\'s knowledge, attitude and practices toward plastic pollution can help identify the challenges and problems. The study by Barnes et al. (2022) investigates whether changes to the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model facilitate the effects of two plastic reduction strategies on college campuses. 375 undergraduate students from two US universities filled out baseline surveys about their practices regarding plastic use. Three groups of participants were formed: the pledge intervention group, the app intervention group, and the control group. The findings demonstrated that changes in plastic behavior over the course of a week were significantly predicted by the extended TPB model and the intervention condition. Plastic consumption has significantly decreased, according to the pledge group. This study by Farhana Khan, 2018. looks at why people in Pakistan might choose to recycle their plastic waste. With plastic waste being a big environmental issue worldwide, the study suggests that recycling can help solve the problem. The research shows that people are more likely to recycle if they care about the environment or if there are incentives for doing so. However, recycling efforts in Pakistan are not really supported enough, which means people do not participate as much. The study concludes that if there were better systems and more encouragement, more people would get involved in recycling, helping reduce plastic waste. According to Amado C.G.(2016), In the study that aims to assess the implications of solid waste management in the school system. Among the practices, waste collection got the highest composite mean particularly on the promotion of the 3Rs. While on the other hand waste recycling and waste treatment got the lowest composite mean. In terms of waste recycling, establishing partnership with local or private business for recyclable recovery program was made to a moderate extant This study was conducted by Baluyot, & Galvez. (2015). In aiming to understand the practices of waste management within Bulacan State University (BulSU). It focused on understanding student awareness of waste segregation and management, and to determine the different practices and willingness to participate in environmental activities. Based on the findings, some students have knowledge of waste management, and not all students practice proper waste segregation, even with being aware of environmental consequences. This study suggests that students need more encouragement to be more participative and active to engage waste reduction practices. Students encourage practice waste segregation and participate on campaigns both within and outside the school. This study by Punongbayan, C.M., et al., (2014), focuses on the Waste Management Practices of LPU-B. Specifically, it aimed to determine the level of effectiveness of Waste Management Practices of LPU-B in terms of: collection strategies, disposal and recovery and processing of waste materials. By surveying a total of 101 students, they discovered that the Waste Management practices of LPU-B are effective in terms of collection, disposable, recovery and processing as perceived by the respondents. The respondents are moderately agreed that there are problems occurring in the waste management practices of LPU-B, specifically that disposal area of waste materials is not strategically located. Moreover, though there are means of recovering and reusing such waste but there were not strictly implemented. Their research also showed the challenges in fully adopting Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), such as not having enough resources, trained teachers, and low participation in sustainability activities. However, some universities in the Philippines like Cebu Normal University and the University of San Jose-Recoletos, have successfully introduced sustainability programs. These programs teach students about sustainability and encourage them to take actions like managing waste, which also supports the country's environmental goals. In conclusion, these studies shows that it is necessary to be aware of educating one another about reducing plastic waste within the campus. It also shows that having a polluted environment can also create a big impact that affects our physical and mental state. By reducing plastic usage within the campus, we can create a small but an impactful progress in the community. **CHAPTER 3** **RESEARCH METHODOLOGY** *This chapter introduces the research environment, instruments, respondents, procedures in collecting the data and ethical considerations. The researchers ensure the participants' rights, and the researchers consent to conduct surveys.* **Research Design** **This study is going to be a descriptive quantitative because there is numbers involved in this case, wherein the employees of St. Alphonsus Catholic High school department will answer a survey. For the researches to find as to what roles are the of SACS High school employees in reducing plastic usage.** **Research Respondents** The data for this study will be gathered from the employees of the High School department at St. Alphonsus Catholic School. Purposive sampling will be used to select participants who meet the criteria needed for the research, ensuring the data is relevant. The study will include (\...) respondents, with the final number confirmed once (\...) participants are selected. Only school personnel will be involved to focus on the role of employees in reducing plastic use on campus. Before taking the survey, participants will be informed about the purpose of the study and assured that their answers will be kept confidential. The survey will include rating scale questions and some demographic questions. Participants will also be reassured that the survey will not ask about personal matters, helping them feel comfortable and at ease during the process. **Research Environment** **This research will be conducted on SACS High School Employees at St. Alphonsus Catholic School (SACS), G.Y Dela Serna St., Poblacion, Lapu-Lapu City, 6015 Cebu. SACS is a catholic school that teaches the students not only valuable lessons but also the ways of becoming a good Christian individual with the help of the core values; Christ-centeredness, Truth, Goodness, and Discipline. The study will be conducted with the supervision of the research adviser Ms. Nevia Mae O. Baguio.** **Research Instruments** **To gather data for this study, the researchers will administer a multiple-response questionnaire via online survey, targeting all employees of St. Alphonsus Catholic School as respondents. Respondents will be ask to provide multiple answers or select more than one option for certain question in the virtual survey (Google Form). The survey includes a diverse group of employees, teaching and non-teaching staff, administrative personnel, and other members of the organization. By using a multi-response format, the survey will enable employees to reflect a range of behaviors and opinions. If these methods will be combined together, this would give a more complete view of employee involvement in sustainability efforts.** **Research Procedures** To begin the research, the Researchers will make a request letter to the school administration. To Calculate the number of Employees that will answer the survey, the Researchers will use Slovin's Formula. **To gather data for this study, the researchers will administer a multiple-response questionnaire via online survey, targeting all employees of St. Alphonsus Catholic School as respondents. Then all the answers of the Respondents will be gathered by the researchers and study the results.** **Treatment of Data** **In this part of the study, the researches made use of various statistical treatments to accurately calculate the data that they have collected. With the use of Slovin\'s formula, Weighted mean, and Simple percentage, the researchers were able to calculate the data that has been collected. Ensuring reliable analysis and results. Weighted mean is use for the overall responses of the respondents. Slovin's formula is used to accurately apply the calculated needed sample size. Simple percentages are use to determine the distribution and balance the responses of the respondents. Ensuring all the responses with valid results and calculations.** **Slovin's Formula:** **n= N/1+Ne²** Wherein: n= Sample size N= Total number of SACS High school employees e²= Margin of error **Weighted mean:** **x̄= Σ fw/ n** Wherein: x̄= Weighted mean Σ fw= sum of frequency multiplied by weight n= sample size **Simple percentage** **P=f\\x (10)** Wherein: P=percenatage F= frequency N=sample size **Ethical Consideration** A. Psychological Threat The responder did not experience any emotional disturbance when this study was in progress. Interviews occurred in a relaxed and calm environment where participants felt safe. If a question brought them discomfort or trouble they could decide to avoid it. They were always valued for their willingness to contribute. B. Recruitment Respondents received information regarding the research\'s outcomes ensuring that participation was optional and free from pressure by describing the aim, hazards, and benefits before they agreed. The recruitment procedure was equal and unbiased, providing everyone the same chances while maintaining the privacy of personal data. The participants will not feel pressured, the researchers reassured them. C. Conflict of Interest The researchers kept the process open and fair. They shared any personal, financial, or academic ties to participants or institutions that could affect the study. They made sure not to show favoritism, treating all student groups equally and listening to all views. All data was analyzed without bias, and no outside influences or personal interests affected the results. If any conflicts occurs, they were quickly addressed to keep the research honest and trustworthy. D. Mental, Social, and Economic Impacts The participants did not experience any burden related to time, money, or loss of privacy during this study. Data was collected through a questionnaire and a brief interview. The time required to complete the questionnaire posed no social risks, such as relationship issues, emotional distress, harm, or threats to the participants' well-being. **SURVEY QUESTIONS** What do you gain from reducing plastic use? - Cleaner and healthier environment - Less waste to manage - Improved school image - Positive role model for students - Enhanced teamwork and collaboration Which areas do you think SACS High School employees should focus on to reduce plastic usage more effectively? (Select all that apply) - Classrooms (reducing plastic materials in lessons or supplies) - Canteen/food service (using reusable or compostable items) - School events and activities (eliminating single-use plastics at events) - Waste management and recycling programs (expanding or improving systems) - Educating students and staff about the environmental impact of plastic waste - Other (please specify) Should SACS High School employees implement more education and awareness campaigns to reduce plastic waste? - Agree - Disagree Which of the following actions have you personally taken to reduce plastic usage at SACS High School? (Select all that apply) - Encouraged students to use reusable water bottles - Reduced personal use of plastic items (bottles, bags) - Promoted the use of eco-friendly alternatives in the classroom - Participated in plastic recycling programs - Organized or supported events or campaigns focused on plastic reduction - Other (please specify) Do you believe the current strategies for reducing plastic usage on campus are effective? - Yes - No **\ ** **REFERENCES** Israel Msengi,\*, Raymond Doe, Twana Wilson, Danny Fowler, Chelsey Wigginton,Sarah Olorunyomi,Isaiah Banks,and Raquel Morel, 2019, Assessment of knowledge and awareness of "sustainability" initiatives among college students. Debrah, J.K.; Vidal, D.G.; Dinis, M.A.P. Raising Awareness on Solid Waste Management through Formal Education for Sustainability: A Developing Countries Evidence Review. Recycling 2021, 6, 6. recycling6010006. Hoque, A., Clarke, A., Sultana, T., 2016. 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