Biological Hazards PDF

16/4/2024 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Dr Eddie Tan Ti Tjih Food Science & Technology Department UiTM Kuala Pilah Campus Dr Siti Aimi Sarah bt Zainal Abidin Food Science & Technolog...

16/4/2024 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Dr Eddie Tan Ti Tjih Food Science & Technology Department UiTM Kuala Pilah Campus Dr Siti Aimi Sarah bt Zainal Abidin Food Science & Technology Program UiTM Shah Alam 01 Bacteria, 02 Virus, 03 Fungi 04 Parasites: Worms and Protozoa 1  16/4/2024 01 Bacteria, Virus, Fungi 01 MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS: BACTERIA VIRUS FUNGI Most important agent for foodborne illness Listeria monocytogenes, Poliomyelitis, Hepatitis Aspergillus flavus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, A, Hepatitis E, Norwalk- Penicillium citrinum, Campylobacter jejuni, like agents and Aspergillus carbonarius Vibrio parahaemolyticus, rotavirus and Fusarium species Yersinia enterocolitica and others 2  16/4/2024 Types of Food Borne Illness Food intoxication Ingestion of pre-formed toxins, already synthesized by microbes in food brings about poisoning syndrome in the consumers and hence, is called food intoxication. Toxins affecting gastro intestinal tract are called as enterotoxins Examples includes: Staphylococcal food poisoning, botulism, diarrohea caused by Escherichia coli, Cholera mycotoxicosis etc. Types of Food Borne Illness Food infection Ingestion of viable pathogens along with food leads to their establishment in consumers and hence is termed as food infection. Examples includes: Typhoid, shigellosis, septic sore throat, scarlet fever etc. Food toxi-infection/ intoxification/ toxicoinfection Some micro-organisms can produce toxins in situ after getting ingested with food and infect intestine. Such type of illness is referred as food toxi- infection. Examples includes: Bacillus cereus food poisoning and Clostridium perfringens gangrene 3  16/4/2024 Bacteria 01 Escherichia coli (E.coli) (O157:H7) (EHEC) E. coli usually found in intestine of cattle: main reservoir One of the most virulent type: enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC 0157:H7) survive in acidic food Food most associated with E. coli 0157:H7: ground beef Outbreak of E.coli O157:H7: fresh fruit juices (unpasteurised apple juice), ground beef, raw milk, lettuce and minimally processed food Produce enterotoxin: cytotoxic, pore-forming leads to secretory diarrhea Under a high magnification of 6836X, this digitally-colorized, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted a growing Clinical manisfestation: cluster of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, Escherichia coli bacteria, of the strain O157:H7, which is a pathogenic strain of E. coli. Hemorrhagic colitis (HC): severe cramping (abdominal pain), diarrhea which is initially watery but becomes grossly bloody, occasional vomiting Source: https://phil.cdc.gov/details.aspx?pid=10068 Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) (children