Anatomy of the Respiratory System PDF

Anatomy of the Respiratory System ‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ Respiration ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬ Respiration is the act of breathing::‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ھﻮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬  Inhaling. The act of breathing in oxygen...‫ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق‬  Exhaling. The act of breathing out carbon dioxide..‫ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ...

Anatomy of the Respiratory System ‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ Respiration ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬ Respiration is the act of breathing::‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ھﻮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬  Inhaling. The act of breathing in oxygen...‫ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق‬  Exhaling. The act of breathing out carbon dioxide..‫ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬.‫اﻟﺰﻓﯿﺮ‬ Respiratory system ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬ The respiratory system is made up of the organs included in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. These are the parts: :‫ ھﺬه ھﻲ اﻷﺟﺰاء‬.‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻀﺎء ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬  Nose ‫اﻻﻧﻒ‬  Mouth.‫اﻟﻔﻢ‬  Throat (pharynx).(‫اﻟﺤﻠﻖ )اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮم‬  Voice box (larynx).(‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺼﻮت )اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة‬.  Windpipe (trachea).( ‫اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ ) اﻟﺮﻏﺎﻣﻲ‬  Large airways (bronchi) (‫اﻟﻤﻤﺮات اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة )اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺎت اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬  Small airways (bronchioles).(‫اﻟﻤﻤﺮات اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة )اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺒﺎت‬  Lungs.‫رﺋﺘﯿﻦ‬ The upper respiratory tract is made up of the:‫ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻣﻦ‬:  Nose.‫اﻷﻧﻒ‬  Nasal cavity.‫ﺗﺠﻮﯾﻒ أﻧﻔﻲ‬  Sinuses.‫اﻟﺠﯿﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﯿﺔ‬  Larynx.‫اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة‬. Trachea ‫اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ 2 The lower respiratory tract is made up of the::‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ‬  Lungs.‫اﻟﺮﺋﺘﯿﻦ‬  Bronchi and bronchioles.‫اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺎت واﻟﺸﻌﯿﺒﺎت‬  Air sacs (alveoli).( ‫اﻟﺤﻮﯾﺼﻼت اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ ) ﺣﺠﺮ ھﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ 3  Lungs ‫اﻟﺮﺋﺘﯿﻦ‬ The lungs take in oxygen. Your body's cells need oxygen to live and carry out their normal functions. The lungs also get rid of carbon dioxide, a waste product of the cells. ‫ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺧﻼﯾﺎ ﺟﺴﻤﻚ‬.‫ﺗﻤﺘﺺ اﻟﺮﺋﺘﺎن اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‬.‫ وھﻮ ﻧﻔﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ‬، ‫ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺮﺋﺘﺎن أﯾﻀًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬.‫إﻟﻰ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ ﻟﺘﻌﯿﺶ وﺗﺆدي وظﺎﺋﻔﮭﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs made up of spongy, pinkish-gray tissue. They take up most of the space in the chest (thorax). ‫ ﯾﺸﻐﻠﻮن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺮﺋﺘﺎن ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ زوج ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺮوطﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻧﺴﺠﺔ إﺳﻔﻨﺠﯿﺔ رﻣﺎدﯾﺔ اﻟﻠﻮن‬.(‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺪر )اﻟﻘﻔﺺ اﻟﺼﺪري‬ The lungs are surrounded by a membrane (pleura)..(‫اﻟﺮﺋﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺎطﺔ ﺑﻐﺸﺎء )ﻏﺸﺎء اﻟﺠﻨﺐ‬ The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum, an area that contains the::‫ وھﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﺘﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻒ‬  Heart and its large vessels.‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ وأوﻋﯿﺘﮫ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬  Trachea.‫اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ ھﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬  Esophagus.‫اﻟﻤﺮيء‬  Thymus gland.‫اﻟﻐﺪة اﻟﺼﻌﺘﺮﯾﺔ‬  Lymph nodes.‫اﻟﻐﺪة اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﯾﺔ‬ The right lung has 3 sections, called lobes. The left lung has 2 lobes. When you breathe in: ‫ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺮﺋﺔ اﻟﯿﺴﺮى‬.‫ أﻗﺴﺎم ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻮص‬3 ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺮﺋﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ :‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺸﻖ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺼﯿﻦ‬  Air enters your body through your nose or mouth..‫ﯾﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﺟﺴﻤﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أﻧﻔﻚ أو ﻓﻤﻚ‬  Air then travels down the throat through the larynx and trachea...‫ﺛﻢ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﮭﻮاء إﻟﻰ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻖ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة واﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬  Air goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi..‫ﯾﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﮭﻮاء إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺋﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺎت اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ 4 ‫‪One main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left‬‬ ‫ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺋﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﻰ واﻷﺧﺮى إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺋﺔ اﻟﯿﺴﺮى‪lung::‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪In the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺋﺘﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺎت اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺼﺒﺎت أﺻﻐﺮ‪bronchi..‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The smaller bronchi divide into even smaller tubes‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺎت اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة إﻟﻰ أﻧﺎﺑﯿﺐ أﺻﻐﺮ )اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺒﺎت(‪(bronchioles)..‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs (alveoli) where the exchange‬‬ ‫‪of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ أﻛﯿﺎس ھﻮاﺋﯿﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة )اﻟﺤﻮﯾﺼﻼت اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ( ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺤﺪث ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺧﺮاج ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‪You then breathe out carbon dioxide..‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤـــﺔ ‪ :‬ﻛـــﺮار ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫‪@XVSN1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬