Principles and Maxims of Teaching PDF

Principles and maxims of teaching By Iftikhar Hussain Babur  PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING 1. The Principle of Aim. There should be a definite aim for every lesson. 2. The principle of Activity or Learning by Doing. The child is active by nature. He has certain urges whi...

Principles and maxims of teaching By Iftikhar Hussain Babur  PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING 1. The Principle of Aim. There should be a definite aim for every lesson. 2. The principle of Activity or Learning by Doing. The child is active by nature. He has certain urges which impels him to action. He learns by doing. 3. Principle of Linking with Actual Life and Other Subjects. Learning should be linked with life and other subjects as far as it is convenient to do so.  PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING 4. The Principle of Planning. Good teaching is always well-planned. 5. The Principle of Interest or Motivation. The principle of interest or motivation is the most important of all principles. 6. The Principle of Sympathy and Kindly Atmosphere. Good teaching cannot take place in an atmosphere which lacks kindness and sympathy. 7. The Principle of Creativity. The idea of a good teacher is to make the pupil creative learner.  PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING 8. Principle of Flexibility and Co-operation. Rigid planning is harmful for good teaching. The plan of a lesson must provide scope to make necessary changes, if need be. Teaching should be flexible to meet the unexpected situations, if any, in the classroom. 9. The Principle of Diagnostic and Remedial Teaching. Good teaching is diagnostic and remedial. Once the pupil’s difficulties have been diagnosed, they should not be left as they are. 10. The Principle of Looking Ahead. Good teaching looks ahead while it also takes into account the past experiences of the children. An open-minded teacher is always forward looking.  PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING 11. Principle of model presentation. The presentation of the material should be really a model one in every way. 12. The Principle of Selection of material. The right selection of material will result into proper teaching and hence desired results will be achieved. This benefits both the teacher and the students. 13. The Principle of Gradation or division. Easy and simple things should come first and difficult and complicated things will occur afterwards.  PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING 14. Principle of individual differences. A good teacher deals with the students according to their individual differences. 15. The Principle of democracy. The teacher should adopt democratic attitude with students. He should not be dictatorial. Guiding Principles in the Selection and Use of Teaching Strategies: Learning is an active process. We have to actively engage the learners in learning activities if we want them to learn what we intend to teach. Research shows  75% retention rates in learning by doing  90% retention rates learning by teaching others Maxims of Teaching  Introduction Teaching is an art & a science. Teacher require two things – Knowledge & Process of teaching. In actual classroom, teacher required to manage the class with experience & decisions in form of Maxims. For successful & effective teaching , teacher must know & use maxims of teaching. 9 Benefits of Maxims of teaching Simplify the process of teaching Joyful teaching & learning environment Purposeful teaching To create creativity among students To analysis & synthesis by students To develop scientific attitude Learning by doing To develop critical thinking 10 Simple to Complex 11 Known to Unknown 12 Seen to Unseen 13 Particular to General 14 Concrete to Abstract 15 Whole to Part 16 Analysis to Synthesis 17 Indefinite to Definite 18 Empirical to Rational 19 Psychological to Logical 20 Follow the nature 21 Training senses 22 Encouragement to study 23 Thanks !