UBL Analysis - PDF

# UBL #5 - stressors have significant impact on physical and mental health when measured - key diseases associated with stress = heart disease and hypertension - stressors disproportionately affect women, minorities, unmarried, lower SES individuals - minorities face additional health burdens from d...

# UBL #5 - stressors have significant impact on physical and mental health when measured - key diseases associated with stress = heart disease and hypertension - stressors disproportionately affect women, minorities, unmarried, lower SES individuals - minorities face additional health burdens from discrimination → physical and mental - stressors can accumulate and proliferate over time across generations (Childhood stress → greater stress exposure and poor health in adulthood - High levels of personal mastery, self-esteem, and social support can buffer stress (disadvantaged groups lack resources) - Upstream interventions (poverty/discrimination) needed - Downstream as well (enhance coping skills and support systems) and special attention to children in poverty. # UBL #7 - COVID = global stressor → mental health issues through isolation, fear of illness, etc. - Pandemic increased mental health disparities, disproportionately affecting low-income populations, minorities, and frontline workers → greater risk and less resources - Isolation/lockdowns → increased stress/anxiety (loneliness, depression) - Pandemic strained mental health care services → call for more integrated care - Sociology advocating for research to find social causes of - Mental health and role of inequality in shaping mental health outcomes - During crisis - Combine physical and mental health care - Authors argue the need for public health policies that not only address physical health, but for mental as well. (expanding MH services especially for vulnerable populations and ensuring they're accessible) # UBL #8 - "moral injury" - doctors feel they are forced to act against ethical principles due to institutional pressures. Decisions influenced by financial incentives, bureaucracy, or restrictions on time and resources - Physicians feel burnout from moral distress when they feel unable to provide best patient care - Financial/commercial aspects → ethical dilemmas - Doctor's autonomy increasingly eroded with insurance companies, hospital administration, corporate structures exerting control over medical decisions. - Doctors spending less time with patients - Calls for reform to address moral injury. - Financial incentives, reducing bureaucratic burdens, patients' profits # UBL #9 - Unequal access to healthcare services = critical issue for marginalized groups - Article focuses on rural communities - Tech improvements: Telemedicine increasing access but deepens disparities for those without tech. - Healthcare system relying more on preventative care and managing chronic diseases # UBL #10 - Need for more patient-centered approach - Effective communication needed and trust - Guidelines need to address cultural differences - Mutual patient-doctor decision making - Psychosocial factors need to be included (stress, mental health) - Ethical challenges should be reflected in medical guidelines.