Mental Health and Cognition: A Presentation PDF

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FelicitousBowenite1392

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كلية التقنية للاتصالات والمعلومات بالرياض

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mental health aging cognitive function well-being

Summary

This presentation explores mental health and cognitive function in older adults. It examines factors influencing mental health in later life and addresses the impact of mental health issues on seniors, including symptoms of conditions like anxiety and depression. It further discusses potential stressors and risks among older individuals, including suicide and drug use. The presentation also suggests coping strategies for stress and challenges related to aging.

Full Transcript

‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.com -‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺶﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬...

‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.com -‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺶﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖﻻﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﺉﻤﺔﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ‬ ‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻑﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﻴﻦ ﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ ﻻﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻛﻲ ﻭﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺗﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ‪ %20‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ‪55‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎًﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻑ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﻻ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺰءﺍً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ‬ ‫ ﺇﻧﻪﻳﺜﻘﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻮﻩ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺰﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺘﺒﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ﻳﻀﻌﻒﺳﻠﺒﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺇﺿﻌﺎﻑﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﻈُﻬﺮﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻴﻖﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ‬ ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻮﻛﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ ﻭﻫﺬﺍﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻤﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻩ © ﻡﻩﺃﻧﺎ ﻩﻡ ﺹﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺞﻩ ‪zw‬‬ ‫ﻥ'‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞﺍﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺮﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﻮﺩ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞﺍﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ ﻗﺪﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻭﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ)ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﻮﺳﺔ(‬ ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺍء ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻯﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻲﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ ﺃﻧﻬﺎﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﺒﺪﺃﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞﺍﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻭﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﻕﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺾﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺨﻮﻑ‬ ‫ ﺇﻧﻪﻟﻴﺲ ﺟﺰءﺍً ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎًﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ ﻗﺪﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﺍﺱﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺔﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﺆﻟﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻔﻠﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺨﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮﻱ‬ ‫ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰﺑﺎﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ )ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺟﺲ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﺎﺩﻓﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻓﺰﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻤﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﺉﺮﻱ )ﺍﻹﻛﺮﺍﻫﺎﺕ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺮﻃﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﺍﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺝ‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ ﺍﻷﻭﻫﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏﺍﻟﻮﻫﻤﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ ﺍﻷﻭﻫﺎﻡﺍﻟﺸﺎﺉﻌﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻤﻢ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻷﺻﻮﻟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎﺯﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﺪﺍﻋﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫﻠﻮﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺣﺴﻲ ﻟﺸﻲء ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻷﻱ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺱﺍﻟﺨﻤﺲ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻬﻠﻮﺳﺔﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎًﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﺙﺍﻟﻬﻠﻮﺳﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺑﺮﻛﻴﻨﺴﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼُﺎﻡ‬ ‫ ﻫﻮﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬ﺍﻷﻭﻫﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻠﻮﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﺪ )ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺒﺎﻻﺓ )ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼُﺎﻡ‬ ‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ 40‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻦ ‪60-40‬‬ ‫‪-‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺍﻧﻮﻳﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺉﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻠﻮﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏﺫﻭ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﺲﺷﺎﺉﻌﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻝﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 64-60‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎً‬ ‫ ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰﺑﻔﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺱﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ‬ ‫ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏﺫﻭ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ‬ ‫ ﻛﻤﺎﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‪،‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﺗﺨﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍً ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﺧﺎﻃﺊ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻋﻼﺟﻪ‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ‬ ‫ ﺇﻧﻪﻟﻴﺲ ﺟﺰءﺍً ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺸﻴﺮﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺿﻮﻥﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﻟﻔﻬﻢﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻮﻃﺎﺕﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ‪:‬ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ًﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﺽ‬ ‫ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﺿﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﺽﻣﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ﺃﻟﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﺽﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﻳﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺮﻑ‬ ‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎﺃﻧﺜﻰ‪1:2 :‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺍﻟﻌﺎﺉﻠﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶﺑﻤﻔﺮﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﻬﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺪﻝﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻓﺉﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻝﻷﻭﻟﺉﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ‪ 85‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎً ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﺳﻨﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﻌﻔﺎ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ‬ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ ﻓﻲﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎًﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻔﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﺨﺎﻭﻑ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻭﻯﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺎءﺓﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻛﺂﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻴﻒ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂﺑﻤﺮﺽ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺃﻥ ﺇﺳﺎءﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎً ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻲﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺳﺎءﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻭﺇﺳﺎءﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻗﻠﻖ ﻣﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺷﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‪ 60‬ﻭ‪ 80‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎً‪،‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫© ﻣﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻭﻱ‬

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