1st Qurter Exam General Biology 2024-2025.docx

**1^ST^ QUARTER EXAMINATION** **GENERAL BIOLOGY** **GRADE 11** **Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Grade/ Sec: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Score: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** Direction: *Read the questions carefully, Choose the correct answer b...

**1^ST^ QUARTER EXAMINATION** **GENERAL BIOLOGY** **GRADE 11** **Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Grade/ Sec: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Score: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** Direction: *Read the questions carefully, Choose the correct answer by writing the letters on the space provided* 1\. Who was the scientist that first coined the term \"cell\" after observing a slice of cork under a microscope? 2\. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory? 3\. In a scenario where a bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells, which principle of the cell theory is being demonstrated? 4\. Imagine you are observing cells under a microscope. You see structures that resemble honeycomb patterns, but you realize these are dead cells. Which scientist would most likely be credited for first observing something similar? A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek C. Robert Brown B. Robert Hooke D. Rudolf Virchow 5\. Which cell organelle is known as the \"powerhouse\" of the cell because it generates energy (ATP)? A. Nucleus C. Mitochondria B. Golgi Apparatus D. Ribosomes 6\. In plant cells, which structure converts solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis? A. Mitochondria C. Cytoplasm B. Chloroplast D. Golgi Apparatus 7\. Which organelle sorts, modifies, packages, and transports materials such as proteins in eukaryotic cells? A. Ribosomes C. Golgi Apparatus B. Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Lysosomes 8\. You are tasked with identifying a cell under a microscope. The cell has no membrane-bound organelles and contains pili. What type of cell are you observing? A. Animal cell C. Prokaryotic cell B. Plant cell D. None of the options 9\. A student discovers a cell that has a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. What type of cell has the student most likely found, and how do these structures contribute to its function? 9\. During an experiment, you are asked to analyze a cell that uses solar energy to produce food. Based on this characteristic, which organelle is responsible for this process? A. Nucleus C. Golgi Apparatus B. Mitochondria D. Chloroplast 10\. You are examining a single-celled organism that has both a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. However, the organism also has structures such as a flagellum for movement. Based on this, how would you categorize the cell, and why? 11\. A cell is observed to have lysosomes that are actively breaking down waste materials and pathogens. The cell also lacks chloroplasts. Based on these characteristics, what can you infer about this cell type? 12\. Which of the following tissues provides structural support to the body? A. Epithelial Tissue C. Muscle Tissue B. Connective Tissue D. Nervous Tissue 13\. What is the main function of red blood cells? A. Fight infections C. Transport oxygen B. Clot blood D. Transmit nerve signals 14\. A person with a condition that weakens the bones is at a higher risk of fractures. Which type of connective tissue is directly impacted, and what is its primary function? 15\. Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary movements in the digestive system? A. Skeletal Muscle C. Smooth Muscle B. Cardiac Muscle D. Epithelial Muscle 16\. A patient has suffered a skin injury, and their body needs to quickly repair the damaged tissue. Which type of tissue is most likely involved in the repair process? A. Muscle Tissue C. Nervous Tissue B. Epithelial Tissue D. Cartilage 17\. A patient with a severe infection has a low white blood cell count. The doctor must determine the best course of action to boost their immunity. Which tissue should the treatment focus on and why? 18\. A medical student is evaluating a patient with chronic heart disease. They need to decide which tissue is malfunctioning and why. Which type of tissue would be the focus, and what is the justification? 19\. Which of the following plant tissues is primarily responsible for gas exchange and water regulation? A. Collenchyma C. Xylem B. Epidermal Tissue D. Ground Tissue 20\. What is the primary function of parenchyma cells in plants? A. Transporting water and minerals B. Providing flexible support for growing tissues C. Structural support D. Storage, photosynthesis, and tissue repair 21\. Sclerenchyma cells are characterized by their: A. Thin cell walls and large vacuoles B. Unevenly thickened walls that provide flexible support C. Thick, rigid cell walls, often dead at maturity D. Ability to transport sugars throughout the plant 22\. A gardener notices that the leaves of a plant are wilting despite regular watering. Which plant tissue might be malfunctioning, and why? 23\. A plant stem is observed to bend toward sunlight, a process known as phototropism. Which type of plant tissue is most likely involved in this growth response? 24\. A botanist is working on breeding a new variety of plant to survive in drought-prone areas. The plant's epidermal tissue can be altered to either increase the number of stomata or reduce it. Based on this information, which modification should the botanist choose to enhance the plant's drought resistance? 25\. A researcher is engineering a plant that can grow in low-nutrient soils. Which tissue should be enhanced to improve the plant's ability to absorb limited nutrients, and why? 26\. What is the main function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane? 27\. Which part of a phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic? A. The phosphate head B. The carbohydrate chain C. The lipid tails D. The protein embedded in the membrane 28\. How does cholesterol contribute to membrane fluidity? 29\. A scientist modifies a cell membrane by removing cholesterol molecules. How would this affect the cell if the temperature dropped significantly? 30\. A scientist observes that a cell membrane becomes less fluid at low temperatures. What is a possible explanation for this observation? 31\. What type of solution causes a red blood cell to shrink? A. Isotonic C. Hypertonic B. Hypotonic D. Neutral 32\. What is the main characteristic of passive transport? A. It requires cellular energy to move molecules. B. It moves molecules against their concentration gradient. C. It does not require energy from the cell. D\) It only occurs in animal cells. 33\. What is the term for the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane? A. Simple diffusion C. Osmosis B. Active transport D. Facilitated diffusion 34\. Which statement best describes facilitated diffusion? 35\. In which process do carrier proteins change shape to transport molecules across a membrane? A. Simple diffusion C. Facilitated diffusion B. Osmosis D. Active transport 36\. What happens to a plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution? A. It becomes flaccid. C. It bursts. B. It undergoes plasmolysis. D. It becomes turgid. 37\. Why does osmosis occur when a patient is given a hypotonic IV solution? 38\. If the patient's IV solution is hypotonic to their blood, which of the following is true about the movement of water? 39\. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? A. G1 phase C. G2 phase B. S phase D. Metaphase 40\. A scientist observes that a cell has not progressed past the G1 checkpoint because it lacks sufficient nutrients. What is the most likely result? 41\. What happens during the G1 phase of interphase? 42\. Which checkpoint ensures that the DNA has been accurately replicated? 43\. What is the main event that occurs during the prophase stage of mitosis? 44\. During metaphase, where do the chromosomes align? 45\. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement toward opposite poles of the cell? A. Prophase C. Anaphase B. Telophase D. Metaphase 46\. What is the result of mitosis in human cells? 47\. What is the primary difference between meiosis and mitosis? 48\. During which stage of meiosis I does crossing-over occur, leading to genetic recombination? A. Prophase II C. Prophase I B. Metaphase I D. Anaphase II 49\. What happens during anaphase I of meiosis that differs from mitosis? 50\. Which of the following occurs during telophase I of meiosis? A. Sister chromatids are pulled apart. B. Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads. C. Two haploid daughter cells are formed. D. The spindle fibers attach to centromeres. **GRADE 11** **EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE** **2^nd^ Periodical Examination** **KEY TO CORRECTION** 1. **B**. Robert Hooke 2. **C**. Cells arise spontaneously from non-living matter. 3. **C**. Cells come from the replication of existing cells. 4. **B**. Robert Hooke 5. **C**. Mitochondria 6. **B**. Chloroplast 7. **C**. Golgi Apparatus 8. **C**. Prokaryotic cell 9. **B**. Plant cell; they help maintain structure, store water, and conduct photosynthesis. 10. **D**. Chloroplast 11. **C**. It is an animal cell because it contains lysosomes but lacks chloroplasts. 12. **B**. Connective Tissue 13. **C**. Transport oxygen 14. **C**. Bone Tissue, providing rigid support and protection. 15. **C**. Smooth Muscle 16. **B**. Epithelial Tissue 17. **C**. Blood, because white blood cells are produced there to fight infections. 18. **B**. Cardiac Muscle, because it is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. 19. **B**. Epidermal Tissue 20. **D**. Storage, photosynthesis, and tissue repair 21. **C**. Thick, rigid cell walls, often dead at maturity 22. **B**. Xylem, because it is responsible for transporting water from the roots to the leaves. 23. **C**. Meristematic Tissue, because it is responsible for cell division and growth. 24. **B**. Reduce the number of stomata, to minimize water loss through transpiration. 25. **C**. Epidermal Tissue, because it can be modified to increase root hair surface area. 26. **B**. To regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell 27. **C**. The lipid tails 28. **B**. By holding phospholipids together, preventing them from separating too far or compacting too tightly 29. **B**. The phospholipids would pack too tightly, reducing membrane fluidity. 30. **A**. The cell has fewer cholesterol molecules to maintain fluidity. 31. **C**. Hypertonic 32. **C**. It does not require energy from the cell. 33. **C**. Osmosis 34. **B**. Molecules move through channel or carrier proteins without energy input. 35. **D**. Active transport 36. **D**. It becomes turgid. 37. **A**. The concentration of solutes is higher inside the red blood cells than outside, causing water to enter the cells. 38. **A**. Water will move into the red blood cells, causing them to swell. 39. **B**. S phase 40. **A**. The cell will enter the G0 phase and stop dividing. 41. **C**. The cell grows and duplicates its organelles 42. **B**. G2 checkpoint 43. **B**. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and chromosomes become visible. 44. **B**. Along the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. 45. **C**. Anaphase 46. **C**. Two diploid daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 47. **B**. Meiosis results in four haploid cells, while mitosis results in two diploid cells. 48. **C**. Prophase I 49. **A**. Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles. 50. **C**. Two haploid daughter cells are formed.