General Chemistry 1 OCR PDF

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1  LESSON 1: MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES Topics: Particles Composing Matter States of Matter Properties of Matter Ways of Classifying Matter OBJECTIVES: a. Describe the particulate nature of the different forms of matter; b. Make a diagram to cl...

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1  LESSON 1: MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES Topics: Particles Composing Matter States of Matter Properties of Matter Ways of Classifying Matter OBJECTIVES: a. Describe the particulate nature of the different forms of matter; b. Make a diagram to classify the different properties of matter; and c. Integrate the importance of matter in daily life. A gas is made up of particles that are far apart from each other, which can be pushed closer towards each other. A solid is made up of particles which are compact, so that it is no longer possible to push these particles closer to each other.  PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. ❑ ATOMS ❑ MOLECULES ❑ IONS  PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER a. Atom- is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER b. Molecules – are group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.  PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER c. Ions - atoms or molecules that carries an electric charge. STATES OF MATTER ❑ SOLID ❑ LIQUID ❑ GAS ❑ PLASMA ❑ BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES  STATES OF MATTER a. Solid – closely packed; restricted motion. STATES OF MATTER b. Liquids – far apart; free movement.  STATES OF MATTER c. Gas – very far apart; very free (chaotic) movement. ▪ SOLID STATE = Molecules are closely packed; they are in restricted motion (vibrational) LIQUID STATE = Molecules are far apart from each other; in free movement. GASEOUS STATE= Molecules are very far from each other; in chaotic movement (in all direction). PROPERTIES OF MATTER - according to change involved during a measurement of the property - ❑ PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ❑ CHEMICAL PROPERTIES  PROPERTIES OF MATTER a. Physical Properties – no change in composition takes place during the determination of properties. PROPERTIES OF MATTER b. Chemical Properties – a change in composition occurs during determination of properties. PROPERTIES OF MATTER - according to dependence on amount of matter- ❑ EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES ❑ INTENSIVE PROPERTIES PROPERTIES OF MATTER a. Extensive Property – change their value when amount of matter or substance is changed.  PROPERTIES OF MATTER b. Intensive Properties – do not change their value when amount of matter is changed.  WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER - based on the number of components present - ❑ PURE SUBSTANCES ❑ MIXTURE  WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER a. Pure Substances – are composed of only one component. WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER b. Mixture – composed of several components.  WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER - based on the number of atoms present - ❑ ELEMENTS ❑ COMPOUNDS WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER a. Elements – are pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atom.  WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER b. Compounds – are pure substances made up of two or more kinds of atoms.  WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER - based on uniformity of composition and properties- ❑ HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE ❑ HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE  WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER a. Homogeneous Mixture – has a uniform composition and exhibits the same properties in different parts of the mixture. WAYS OF CLASSIFYING MATTER b. Heterogeneous Mixture – has a non- uniform composition and its properties vary in different parts of the mixture.  Activity 1: Constructing a Diagram Direction: Make a diagram using the keywords listed below. Keywords: atoms, ions, molecules Question: a. How do the following particles differ from each other? Atoms:________________ Molecules:_____________ Ions:__________________ Keywords: solid, liquid, gas for the bottom layer of boxes, illustrate how the particles are distributed in each state of matte. Question: a. How separated are the particles in each state of matter? b. How free are the particles to move in each state of matter? Keywords: physical properties, chemical properties, extensive properties, intensive properties Question: a. What is the difference between physical and chemical properties? b. How do extensive property differ from intensive property? Keywords: pure substances, mixtures elements, compounds homogeneous, heterogeneous Question: a. How do pure substances differ from mixture? b. What is the difference between elements and compounds? c. What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? Evaluation / Assessment / 1Q Quiz 1: July 30, 2024 Read and analyze the following questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.  Next Lesson: SIMPLE SEPARATION TECHNIQUES