Anatomical Terms, Planes, and Movements PDF

©  Anatomical Terms, Planes, and Movements Dr. Sean McWatt, PhD [email protected] Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you will be able to… Describe neutral anatomical position Use the terminologia anatomica to describe anatomical structures, locati...

©  Anatomical Terms, Planes, and Movements Dr. Sean McWatt, PhD [email protected] Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you will be able to… Describe neutral anatomical position Use the terminologia anatomica to describe anatomical structures, locations, and movements Anatomical Position Anatomical Position Anatomical position is when one is standing upright and facing forward with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and the palms facing forward. The legs are parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward This is the position that all anatomy is described in reference to! Anterior views © iStock: Sudowoodo Planes and Axes Sagittal axis Frontal (coronal) axis Longitudinal (vertical) axis Parasagittal Median plane sagittal plane Median plane Median plane Frontal of the foot Sagittal of the hand Transverse (coronal) plane plane (horizontal, axial) plane Movement occurs in the planes, about the axes. Anteromedial views https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8E2eS_1njA Anatomical Sections Longitudinal section Sagittal plane Transverse section Understanding planes and sections is important for interpreting medical imaging Transverse (horizontal) view Sagittal view Frontal (coronal) view Anatomical Terminology  Superior Anatomical Terms Cranial/rostral Right Left Other important terms: Superficial vs. deep Internal vs. external Proximal Central vs. peripheral Medial Bilateral vs. unilateral Lateral Posterior Anterior Ipsilateral vs. contralateral Dorsal Ventral Palmar vs. dorsal Plantar vs. dorsal Basal vs. apical Distal …and more! Proximal Inferior Caudal Anatomical terms like these help us to describe spatial relationships, actions, injuries, and other clinical Distal applications of anatomy Sagittal view (right) Anterior view http://image.shutterstock.com/z/stock-photo-muscle-anatomy-49671106.jpg Anatomical Cavities Frontal (coronal) view Cranial cavity mediastinum Superior Left pulmonary Right space pulmonary space Thoracic cavity Inferior mediastinum Diaphragm Closes the inferior thoracic aperture Gilroy, Anatomy: An Essential Textbook, Copyright © 2013 by Thieme Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Cavities are spaces within the body that are bound by important landmark structures and contain vital organs https://quizlet.com/au/218643190/body-cavities-diagram/ Regions of the Abdomen Midclavicular lines Costal margin These terms are used to describe the Right Left locations of the hypochondriac hypochondriac abdominal region region Epigastric organs region Subcostal (transpyloric) line Upper Upper Right Umbilical Left lumbar region lumbar L1 right left region region Umbilicus Transtubercular line L5 Lower Lower Pubic right left Right region Left inguinal inguinal region region Inguinal ‘ligaments’ Anterior view Anterior view Agur and Dalley, Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, 13th Ed. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Regions of the Upper Limb Deltoid region Shoulder Scapular region Arm Axillary region Armpit Elbow Cubital fossa The regions of the upper limb contain groups of muscles that work together to perform Forearm complex movements Carpal region Wrist Dorsal Palmar Hand Back Palmar and dorsal Gilroy, Anatomy: An Essential Textbook, Copyright © 2013 by Thieme Posterior view © 2010, Icon Learning Systems, LLC. A subsidiary of MediMedia, USA, Inc. All right reserved Regions of the Lower Limb Gluteal region Hip Just like the upper limb, the regions of the lower limb are divided into compartments Thigh of muscles, but these ones perform weightbearing and lower limb movements Knee Popliteal fossa We will work our way through the upper and lower Leg Ankle limb regions in more detail in Unit 3 and Unit 4 Foot Dorsal surface Plantar surface Drake, Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 2nd Ed., Copyright © 2009 by Churchill Livingstone Movements Frontal Plane Movements Abduction Movement away from Lateral flexion midline of the body Abduction Adduction Scapular movements Anterior view Posterior views Adduction Abduction All movements in the Eversion Inversion Movement toward Movement away from midline of the hand midline of the hand frontal plane occur about the sagittal axis Anterior views Anterior views Sagittal Plane Movements Extension Flexion Superior view Lateral view Sagittal view Flexion Extension Flexion and Dorsiflexion All movements Extension in the sagittal plane occur about the frontal axis Plantarflexion Plantar views Lateral views Transverse Plane Movements Rotation Retracted Superior views Rotation Medial and lateral Protracted Abduction Adduction Sagittal view Relaxed/neutral position All movements Rotation Medial/internal and in the transverse lateral/external plane occur about the longitudinal axis Plantar views Anterior views  Complex & Compound Movements Opposition Compound Reposition movements Anteromedial view We can combine these and other specialized movements in unique Circumduction ways to create Combination of movements compound motion – using several muscle groups collaboratively https://dancedynamicsstudio.ca/wp- to produce movement content/uploads/2018/06/DD-Base-Edit_27-e1533149947274.png Anterior views Learning Outcomes By now, you should better understand how to… Describe neutral anatomical position Use the terminologia anatomica to describe anatomical structures, locations, and movements  © [email protected]