19Phonology3-alt_removed (6).pdf

Incorporating natural class into rules — Phonology is not random. Phonological rules operate systematically within languages. — When multiple sounds undergo the same kind of change in the same kind of environment, we will always be able to pinpoint the phonetic features shared by all the sounds inv...

Incorporating natural class into rules — Phonology is not random. Phonological rules operate systematically within languages. — When multiple sounds undergo the same kind of change in the same kind of environment, we will always be able to pinpoint the phonetic features shared by all the sounds involved. — Those shared features have something to do with the phonological pattern we are observing. 33 Incorporating natural class into rules — This could include any of the natural classes we talked about in phonetics. You may see: — all voiced stops behaving similarly — all bilabial sounds behaving similarly — all nasals behaving similarly — all back vowels behaving similarly — all stops and affricates behaving similarly — et cetera, et cetera 34 Practice problem: Madimadi — Madimadi is an Aboriginal language from southeastern Australia. The data that we have were recorded in the 1960’s by Luise Hercus from the one speaker remaining at the time. Practice problem: Madimadi Do [p] and [b] belong to the same phoneme or to separate phonemes? If they are in complementary distribution, explain the environment where each allophone appears. [p] #_ a #_ u u_n a_ i [b] m_u m_a [b] always appears after nasals; [p] elsewhere Practice problem: Madimadi Do [t] and [d] belong to the same phoneme or to separate phonemes? If they are in complementary distribution, explain the environment where each allophone appears. [t] #_ i u_ i l_a i_i [d] n_u n_i [d] always appears after nasals; [t] elsewhere