Phonology Flow Chart PDF

Phonology Flow Chart Minimal Pair? // // // List Environments [] [] The Feature that separates these sounds is Distinctive Allophones of Different Phonemes Allophones of Same Phoneme (if sounds do not overlap) Contrastive Distribution Complementary Distribution List Minimal Pairs Write a R...

Phonology Flow Chart Minimal Pair? // // // List Environments [] [] The Feature that separates these sounds is Distinctive Allophones of Different Phonemes Allophones of Same Phoneme (if sounds do not overlap) Contrastive Distribution Complementary Distribution List Minimal Pairs Write a Rule [] [] The Feature that separates these sounds is nonDistinctive Tips/Reminders for writing phonology rules 1. If you do not find a minimal pair for the sounds you are looking at, carefully list all of the environments for both sounds. (Do not “eyeball” it.) 2. To write a rule, go back to your list of the environments and look for evidence that a natural class is at work. — Characteristics such as word initial/word final will not often be the whole answer as the sound change is often related to other features. For example, if a sound only occurs before a nasal, then it will also never appear at the end of the word. 29 Tips/Reminders for writing phonology 3. In our problems with a complementary distribution, one sound will appear in highly varied environments while the other sound will appear in a much more restricted phonetic environment (between vowels, after nasals, before front/back/high vowels, after voiceless consonants, etc.) — The sound that appears in highly varied environments corresponds to the base form of the phoneme (and is also the “elsewhere” allophone) in your rule. 30 Incorporating natural classes into rules — So far we have focused on writing rules that target particular segments: /k/ becomes [kh] when…. — What we will find is that sometimes rules will be very specific, and target only a single sound, but other times they affect an entire group of sounds. 31 Incorporating natural class into rules — When a rule does target a group of sounds, we will want to incorporate the idea of natural class into our rulewriting. — We can also look at a group of sounds, as we did in Phonetics, in order to determine shared features. — What features do the below groupings have in common? [k] [g] [ŋ] [i], [ɪ], [u], [ʊ] [f], [θ], [s], [ʃ], [h] — Random groups of sounds do not pattern together; we will never see a rule that targets [p], [z], [h]. 32