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Modern History - 1 Advent of Europeans - Portuguese Q.1 In 1498, Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer had discovered a route to____? A. India B. Australia C. China D. Japan Answer: A Solution: Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, is renowned for discovering a sea ro...

Modern History - 1 Advent of Europeans - Portuguese Q.1 In 1498, Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer had discovered a route to____? A. India B. Australia C. China D. Japan Answer: A Solution: Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, is renowned for discovering a sea route to India in 1498, which established a direct maritime trade route between Europe and India. In 1501, Vasco da Gama established a trading factory at Cannanore (now Kannur), marking the start of Portuguese trade and influence in India. His tomb is located at the Jeronimos Monastery in Belem, Lisbon, Portugal. The Vasco da Gama Church in Kochi, Kerala, commemorates the Portuguese presence in India during the Age of Exploration. Q.2 Upon arriving in India, Vasco da Gama was welcomed by____? A. Marthanda Varma B. Pazhassi Raja C. King Rama Varma D. King Zamorin Answer- D Solution- On 20 May, 1498 he reached Kappad near Calicut, where he was welcomed by Calicut ruler Zamorin.  This marked the beginning of Portuguese trade and influence in the Indian subcontinent. Calicut now known as 'Kozhikode' is a port city in the state of "Kerala" Q. 3- Who was appointed as the Governor of India by the King of Portugal in 1505? A. Afonso de Albuquerque B. Francisco De Almeida C. Warren Hastings D. Auckland Answer- B Solution- In 1505, the King of Portugal appointed Francisco De Almeida as governor of India. Almeida’s mission was to consolidate the Portuguese position, destroy Muslim trade, and seize Aden, Ormuz, and Malacca. He was advised to build fortresses at Anjadiva, Cochin, Cannanore, and Kilwa. Afonso de Albuquerque was 2nd Portuguese governor-general in India. Captain Gen Alfonso de Albuquerque conquered Goa in 1510 by defeating Bijapur Sultanate Adil Shah. He removed Bluewater policy (Cartaze system) in India. Q.4- In which year did the Portuguese capture Goa? A. 1510 AD B. 1540 AD C. 1610 AD D. 1475 AD Answer- A Solution:  The Portuguese conquest of Goa took place in 1510. It was led by Afonso de Albuquerque, the governor of Portuguese in India. The conquest resulted in the capture of the city of Goa, which was a significant trading and strategic center on the west coast of India. This event marked the beginning of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa, which would last for several centuries until it was finally incorporated into India in 1961. Q.5 - Who is the first person to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route? A. Columbus B. Vasco-da-Gama C. Thomas Smith D. None of the above Answer- B Solution The first person to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route was Vasco da Gama. In 1497-1498, Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, successfully navigated a sea route from Europe to Asia by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa and reaching the coast of India. This pioneering voyage opened up a direct maritime trade route between Europe and Asia, significantly impacting global trade and the course of history. Q.6 What was the primary reason for the Portuguese exploration to India? A. To spread Christianity B. To find new trade routes and spices C. To establish colonies D. To discover new territories Answer: B Solution The primary motive for the Portuguese exploration to India was to establish direct trade routes to access valuable spices and other goods that were lucrative in the European market. At the time, the spice trade was dominated by the Ottoman Turks and the Arabs, who controlled the overland routes By finding a sea route, the Portuguese aimed to bypass these intermediaries and monopolize the spice trade, which was highly profitable due to the high demand for spices like pepper, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon in Europe. Q.7 - Printing press in India was introduced by____? A. Dutch B. Portuguese C. French D. British Answer- B Solution - The first printing press in India was introduced by the Portuguese in 1550, and set up in 1556 at St. Paul’s College, Goa. Father Gasper Calesa spoke of a ship carrying a printing press to sail from Portugal to Abyssinia (Now Ethiopia) to promote missionary work in Abyssinia. A professional printer and his Indian assistant established and operated the press, leading to the publication of the first book in 1557. Q.8- Who was the first to come & last to leave European power in India? A. Dutch B. British C. French D. Portuguese Answer - D Solution Portuguese were the first to come & last to leave European power in India and their rule in India lasted for over 450 years. First Portuguese came to India via waterways, followed by Dutch, British and French respectively. Vasco-de-Gama of Portugal arrived on the coast of India on 17 May 1498, after which the way to India came. Pedro Albrez Cabral (1500 AD) was the second Portuguese traveler to visit India after Vasco da Gama. Q.9- Which of the following was a key factor in the decline of Portuguese influence in India? A. Constant wars with the Ottoman Empire B. The rise of Dutch and English maritime powers C. Internal rebellions in Portugal D. Lack of interest in the Indian trade Answer: B Solution The rise of Dutch and English maritime powers was a key factor in the decline of Portuguese influence in India. These new entrants into the Indian Ocean trade began to challenge and eventually surpass Portuguese dominance. Rise of East India Company Q.10- In 1600, the East India company acquired a charter from which ruler? A. King George-1 B. Queen Elizabeth-1 C. Queen victoria D. King James-1 Answer: B Solution- In 1599 - English India company was formed. In 1600, East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth I, granting it the sole right to trade with the East. This meant that no other trading group in England could compete with the East India Company. Q.11 - The first British Factory in Bengal set up on the banks of river "Hugli" in...... A. 1671 B. 1641 C. 1661 D. 1651 Ans: D Solution: The first British factory in India was set up on the river Hugli in 1651.  Factory (Country) Established Place Year First Portuguese Factory 1500 Calicut(Kozhikode ), Kerala The first French Factory 1668 Surat, Gujarat First Dutch Factory 1605 Masulipatnam, Andhra Pradesh Q.12- The British East India Company captured Pondicherry (Puducherry) from the French in the year_______ ? A. 1761 B. 1699 C. 1674 D. 1738 Answer- A Solution- The British East India Company captured Pondicherry (Puducherry) from the French in the year 1761. Pondicherry got its freedom from the French on 1st November 1954. The Union Territory of Puducherry comprises the erstwhile French colonies viz. Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam. Q.13 William Hawkins met Emperor Jahangir as a representative of _____ East India Company? A. Portuguese B. Dutch C. French D. British Answer- D Solution- William Hawkins met Emperor Jahangir as a representative of the British East India Company founded on 31st December 1600. He was called 'English Khan' by Jahangir. William Hawkins was the commander of Hector, the first ship of the British East India Company to anchor at Surat in 1608. Jahangir (AD 1605-1627) was Akbar's son and the fourth Mughal Emperor. He is famous for his 'golden chain of justice'. Captain Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe visited his court. Q.14- Chandernagore (Chandannagar) was a _____colony captured by the British Navy on 23 March 1757. A. French B. Dutch C. Danish D. Portuguese Answer- A Solution- Chandernagore (Chandannagar) was a French colony captured by the British Navy on 23 March 1757. Chandannagar is a city in the Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Chandernagore was the administrative center of the French East India Company. The British force was led by Robert Clive and Charles Watson during the Seven Years' War and they bombarded and captured Chandernagore (Chandannagar) in March 1757. Q.15 -Who was the last European company to come to India? A. Dutch B. British C. French D. Portuguese Answer- C Solution- French Company was the last European company to come to India. The French East India Company was formed in 1664 AD during the reign of King Louis XIV to trade with India. Pondicherry was the Capital of the French Colony in India. In 1668 AD the French established their first factory at Surat and in 1669 AD at Masulipatam. In 1674 AD, the French obtained a village called Pondicherry from the Sultan of Bijapur. Q16. Which city was the capital of the French Colony in India? A. Cochin B. Tuticorin C. Pondicherry D. Panjim Answer- C Solution- Pondicherry served as the capital of the French Colony in India. The French had five colonies in India: Pondicherry, Karaikal in Tamil Nadu, Yanaon in Andhra Pradesh on the Coromandel Coast, Mahe in Kerala on the Malabar Coast, and Chandernagore in West Bengal. Q.17- Calcutta became the capital of British India in___ A. 1765 B. 1727 C. 1772 D. 1756 Answer- C Solution- Calcutta became the capital of British India in 1772. It served as the capital of all of Bengal from 1912 to India's Independence in 1947. After Independence, Calcutta continued to be the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. War/Treaties In British India Q 18- Which two European powers fought in the Battle of Bedara? A. British and French B. British and Dutch C. Portuguese and Dutch D. French and Portuguese Answer- B Solution- The Battle of Bedara was fought on 25 November 1759 between the British and the Dutch Army. The Dutch army was decisively defeated by the British and after that, they left India and went to Indonesia. That battle helped the British East India Company to assert their supremacy in India. Q.19 - Which of the following is wrongly matched? A. Battle of Plassey - 1757 B. Third Battle of Panipat - 1761 C. Battle of Buxar - 1758 D. Battle of Goa - 1510 Answer - C Solution-  The battle of Buxar took place in 1764 in Buxar in the state of Bihar between the forces of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined armies of Mir Qasim and Nawab of Bengal. The Battle of Plassey took place between the troops of the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive and the forces of Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last Nawab of Bengal, and his French allies on 23rd June 1757. The Third Battle of Panipat(1761) took place in Panipat which is situated in present-day Haryana between the Maratha Empire and the invading Afghan army of (Ahmad Shah Abdali), supported by three Indian allies the Rohilla (Najib-ud-daulah), Afghans of the Doab region, and Shuja-ud-Daula-(the Nawab of Awadh). Q.20- The Battle of Karnal is known for the invasion of which of the following aggressors against India? A. Ahmad Shah Abdali B. Nadir Shah C. ShahShuja D. Nasir Khan Answer-B Solution: The Battle of Karnal is notable for the invasion led by Nadir Shah against India. This conflict occurred in 1739 when Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia, defeated the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. The battle resulted in the sack of Delhi and significant territorial losses for the Mughal Empire.  Consequently, Nadir Shah's invasion had a profound impact on the political landscape of India during that period. Q.21- The second Anglo-Mysore War came to an end by signing which of the following treaties? A. The Treaty of Arcot B. The Treaty of Madras C. The Treaty of Wandiwash D. The Treaty of Mangalore Answer- D Solution- The second Anglo-Mysore War was concluded by the signing of the Treaty of Mangalore. This treaty was signed in 1784 and marked the end of hostilities between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore. The terms of the treaty were generally favorable to both parties, with territorial adjustments and mutual concessions. The agreement aimed to establish a more stable relationship between the British and Mysorean forces in the region. Q.22- The Battle of Wandiwash was fought between the British and the French in _____? A. 1757 B. 1764 C. 1765 D. 1760 Answer- D Solution- Battle of Wandiwash - 1760 ○ This war was fought between the British and the French. ○ During this the British army was led by Ayrcoot.  ○ The Comte-de-Lally headed the British government. ○ The French were defeated in this war. Q.23- Against whom was the Battle of Plassey (1757) fought by the English Company led by Robert Clive? A. Nizam of Awadh B. Siraj Ud Daulah C. Murshid Quli Khan D. Shaan Nawab Answer- B Solution: Battle of Plassey (1757): Fought between the East India Company, led by Robert Clive, and the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-Ud-Daulah, with French troops involved. Commencement of British Rule: The formal British rule in India is traced back to 1757, following the Battle of Plassey. Mughal Emperor at the Time: Alamgir-II was the ruling Mughal emperor when the Battle of Plassey occurred. Mir Jafar as Nawab: After the battle, Robert Clive installed Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal, placing him on the throne of Murshidabad. Q.24- Who became the Nawab of Bengal in 1756 after the death of Alivardi Khan? A. Siraj Ud Daulah B. Nigam Shaan C. Shaan Nawab D. Murshid Quli Khan Answer- A Solution: Siraj ud-Daulah was the last self-governing Nawab of Bengal.  The first Nawab of Bengal was Murshid Quli Khan, who ruled from 1717 to 1727. Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan succeeded Murshid Quli Khan as the Nawab of Bengal and ruled from 1727 to 1739. Q.25- Who was the Mysore leader in the first Anglo-Mysore war? A. Farrukhsiyar B. Hyder Ali C. Tipu Sultan D. Siraj-ud-daulah Answer- B Solution- First Anglo-Mysore War: ○ It was fought between 1767-1769 AD. ○ Lord Verelst was the governor during this period. ○ In the first Anglo-Mysore, the British, the Nizam and the Marathas fought together against Hyder Ali. ○ Hyder Ali wins against the British. ○ A defense treaty was concluded in 1769. Q.26- Which treaty ended the third anglo mysore war? A. Treaty of Srirangapatna B. Treaty of Madras C. Treaty of Mangalore D. Treaty of Bassein Answer- A Solution- Anglo-Mysore Duration Mysore Governor-General Treaties End the War Leader War First 1767–69 Hyder Ali Lord verelst Treaty of Madras Second 1780–84 Hyder Ali Warren Hastings Treaty of Mangalore Third 1790–92 Tipu Lord cornwallis Treaty of Sultan Srirangapatna Fourth 1799 Tipu Lord wellesley Sultan Q.27 - In which of the following years was the Treaty of Salbai signed? A. 1817 B. 1769 C. 1800 D. 1782 Answer: D Solution- In 1775, the first Anglo-Maratha war took place between the British and the Marathas. Finally in 1782 the war between the two sides came to an end with the Treaty of Salbai. According to the treaty, Salsette and Thane were received by the British and they accepted Madhav Narayanrao as Peshwa. Q. 28 - Who was the Governor General of Bengal during the 3rd Anglo-Mysore war? A. John Macpherson B. Cornwallis C. John Shore D. Warren Hastings Answer- B Solution- The British forces, commanded by Governor-General Cornwallis, engaged in a war with the Kingdom of Mysore. This war, known as the Third Anglo-Mysore War, took place over three years. The outcome of the war was a decisive victory for the British forces, leading to the defeat of Mysore. The war had significant consequences for the region and marked another chapter in the colonial expansion of the British East India Company in India. Q.29- The Battle of Karnal is known for the invasion of which of the following aggressors against India? A. Ahmad Shah Abdali B. Nadir Shah C. ShahShuja D. Nasir Khan Answer- B Solution- The Battle of Karnal is notable for the invasion led by Nadir Shah against India. This conflict occurred in 1739 when Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia, defeated the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. The  battle resulted in the sack of Delhi and significant territorial losses for the Mughal Empire. Consequently, Nadir Shah's invasion had a profound impact on the political landscape of India during that period. Q.30- Who among the following Peshwas signed the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company? A. Narayan Rao B. Madhav Rao C. Baji Rao II D. Balaji Baji Rao Answer- C Solution- The Treaty of Bassein was signed by Peshwa Baji Rao II with the British East India Company in 1802. This treaty marked an alliance between the British and the Marathas, granting the British significant influence over Maratha affairs. However, it eventually led to internal conflicts and the Anglo-Maratha Wars as it faced opposition from other Maratha leaders who perceived it as a threat to Maratha independence. Q.31- Mir Qasim name is associated with which of the following battles of India? A. Battle of Kirkee B. Battle of Plassey C. Battle of Lahore D. Battle of Buxar Answer- D Solution-  Mir Qasim is linked to the Battle of Buxar. This pivotal battle took place in 1764 and involved the British East India Company, led by Major Hector Munro, against the coalition of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The British emerged victorious, securing significant political and economic control in Bengal after the battle. Q.32- In which year did the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II issue a farman granting Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha to the East India Company? A. 1756 B. 1740 C. 1732 D. 1765 Answer- D Solution- In 1765 Mughal emperor Shah Alam II issued a farman granting Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha to the East India Company. Shah Alam II agreed to Reside at Allahabad, to be ceded to him by the Nawab of Awadh, under the Company's protection. Issue a Farman granting the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company in lieu of an annual payment of Rs 26 lakh. A provision of Rs 53 lakh to the Company in return for Nizamat functions (military defense, police, and administration of justice) of the said provinces. Q.33 - Which of the following was a significant outcome of the Treaty of Allahabad, 1765? A. The British East India Company gained control over the Maratha territories. B. The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was granted the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. C. The Nawab of Awadh retained full control over his territories without any British interference. D. The British East India Company received the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. Answer: D Solution The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on August 12, 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and the British East India Company, represented by Robert Clive. This treaty was a result of the British victory in the Battle of Buxar (1764). As per the treaty, the British East India Company was granted the Diwani rights, which allowed them to collect revenue from the provinces of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. This marked a significant shift in power, as it gave the British substantial control over the financial and administrative aspects of these regions, paving the way for further British expansion in India. Q.34- Which battle marked the beginning of British political control in India? A. Battle of Plassey B. Battle of Panipat C. Battle of Buxar D. Battle of Haldighati Answer: A Solution  The Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked the beginning of British political control in India, with Robert Clive defeating the Nawab of Bengal. The British victory in the Carnatic had already made Siraj apprehensive of the growing power of the East India Company. Moreover, the officials of the Company made rampant misuse of its trade privileges that adversely affected the nawab’s finances. The British also fortified Calcutta without the nawab’s permission which the nawab took as an ignorance to his sovereign power. The infuriated Nawab marched to Calcutta and occupied Fort William in June 1756. Shortly after Fort William's surrender, on June 20, 175, Siraj confined 146 British prisoners in a small dungeon in Calcutta, out of which 123 prisoners died of suffocation. It is infamously known as the ‘Black Hole of Calcutta’. This event brought the hostility of the British into the open. Q.35- Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal appointed by the East India Company? A. Warren Hastings B. Robert Clive C. Lord Cornwallis D. Lord Wellesley Answer: A Solution - Warren Hastings was appointed as the first Governor-General of Bengal in 1773.  Year Governor-General of Bengal 1772-1785 Warren Hastings 1786-1793 Lord Cornwallis 1793-1798 Sir John Shore 1798-1805 Lord Wellesley 1805-1807 Sir George Barlow 1807-1813 Lord Minto I 1813-1823 Lord Hastings 1823-1828 Lord Amherst Q.36- Who led the British forces in the Battle of Buxar? A. Robert Clive B. Hector Munro C. Warren Hastings D. Lord Cornwallis Answer: B Solution- The British force in the Battle of Buxar was led by Hector Munro. The battle was fought between the East India Company and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II on 22nd October 1764 in Buxar, a small town in Bihar.  The battle was a decisive victory for the British East India Company. The war was put to an end by the Treaty of Allahabad in the year 1765. Q.37- What was the primary reason for the establishment of the East India Company? A. To spread British culture B. To establish colonies C. To trade with the East Indies D. To explore new lands Answer: C Solution- The East India Company was initially created in 1600 to serve as a trading body for English merchants, specifically to participate in the East Indian spice trade. It later added such items as cotton, silk, indigo, saltpeter, tea, and opium to its wares and also participated in the slave trade. The company eventually became involved in politics and acted as an agent of British imperialism in India from the early 1700s to the mid-1800s. Q.38- In the third carnatic war, the British East India Company defeated the French forces in 1760 ending almost a century of conflict over French supremacy in India. A. The Siege of Arcot B. The Battle of Adyar C. The Battle of Ambur D. The Battle of Wandiwash Answer- D Solution-  Battle of Wandiwash (1760): Fought between the French and the British, led by Sir Eyre Coote. A significant battle during the Seven Years' War. Battle of Adyar (1746): A conflict between the French East India Company and the forces of the Nawab of Arcot over control of St. George Fort. Battle of Ambur (1749): Fought between the combined forces of Chanda Sahib, Muzaffar Jang, and the French, led by Anwar-Ul-Din, the Nawab of Arcot. Q.39- Murshid Quli Khan was the Nawab of_________ ? A. Awadh B. Lucknow C. Bengal D. Hyderabad Answer- C Solution- Murshid Quli Khan served as the Nawab of Bengal. Under his leadership, he transferred the capital of Bengal from Dacca (Dhaka) to Murshidabad (named after him). His rule is known for the administrative reforms that helped improve the economic condition of the region. Murshid Quli Khan's reign as the Nawab of Bengal lasted from 1717 to 1727. Q.40- In which year did Tipu Sultan defend his capital Seringapatam? A. 1799 B. 1802 C. 1792 D. 1794 Answer - A Solution- Tipu Sultan, also known as the "Tiger of Mysore," died defending his capital city of Seringapatam in 1799 during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. He was inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution and sought to modernize and strengthen his kingdom, adopting some of the principles of liberty and equality. Daria Daulat Bagh, located in Srirangapatna, is known as Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, and it contains valuable historical artifacts related to his reign. Tipu Sultan was finally defeated by British forces under Lord Wellesley, marking the end of his rule and the annexation of the Kingdom of Mysore by the British East India Company. Q.41- Which body was created by the Regulating Act of 1773 to oversee the East India Company’s administration in India? A. The Board of Control B. The Supreme Court of Calcutta C. The Governor-General and Council D. The British Parliament Answer- C Solution- The Regulating Act of 1773 created the position of Governor-General of Bengal and a council to assist him, establishing a system of oversight for the East India Company's administration. The Act altered the Company's domestic structure, and all Indian territories were subject to some level of oversight.  This Act made changes in the constitution of the Court of Directors of the Company. The actions of the Company were subjected to the supervision of the British Government. The Directors were required to present to the Ministry all correspondence pertaining to India's civil and military affairs as well as its revenues. Q.42- Which one of the following statements does not apply to the system of Subsidiary Alliance? A. To maintain a large standing army at others expense B. Subsidiary alliance in India was planned by Lord Wellesley C. Awadh was the first state to enter into the well framed Subsidiary Alliance D. To establish British paramountcy over the Indian States Answer- C Solution- Awadh was not the first state to enter into the Subsidiary Alliance. Hyderabad (1798) was the first state to enter into the Subsidiary Alliance. The Subsidiary Alliance System was a "Non-Intervention Policy" used by Lord Wellesley who was the Governor- General (1798-1805) to establish British Empire in India. According to this system, every ruler in India had to accept to pay a subsidy to the British for the maintenance of the British army. Q.43-The British divided the regions in India into the provinces of Bengal, Bombay and Madras called A. Presidency B. Constituency C. Subdivision D. Sectors Answer- A Solution The East India Company, which was incorporated on 31 December 1600, established trade relations with Indian rulers at Masulipatam on the east coast in 1611 and Surat on the west coast in 1612. Between 1612 and 1757 the East India Company established factories (trading posts) at several places, mostly in coastal India, with the consent of the Mughal emperors, the Maratha Empire or local rulers. During the period of the Company's rule in India, 1757-1858, the Company gradually acquired sovereignty over large parts of India, now called the Presidency. Q.44- The Treaty of Sagauli was signed between the British and the A. Gurkhas B. Nawab of Bengal C. Nawab of Awadh D. Marathas Answer- A Solution- The Treaty of Sagauli was signed between the British East India Company and the Gurkha Kingdom of Nepal. It marked the end of the Anglo-Nepalese War, which lasted from 1814 to 1816. The treaty was signed in the town of Sagauli in Nepal.  As a result of the treaty, Nepal ceded significant territories to the British, including parts of present-day Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and the Terai region. The treaty also established diplomatic and trade relations between the two parties and helped define the borders of British India and Nepal. Q.45- Post the Anglo-Mysore I wars, whom did the East India Company appoint as the Governor of Bengal? A. Robert Clive B. Sir Charles Metcalfe C. Lord Hardinge D. Warren Hastings Answer- A Solution- After the Anglo-Mysore Wars, Robert Clive was appointed as the Governor of Bengal. He was the first governor of Bengal, but it's important to note that the first Governor General of Bengal was Warren Hastings. Robert Clive introduced the Dual Administration system in 1765 during his tenure as Governor of Bengal.