Health System PDF

Health system Dena Mohamed CPHQ, MSc, MFDRCSI, BDS Concept of health system 01 WHO health system framework 02 OBJECTIVES What is health system What is A health system consists of all the organizations, institutions, resources health system a...

Health system Dena Mohamed CPHQ, MSc, MFDRCSI, BDS Concept of health system 01 WHO health system framework 02 OBJECTIVES What is health system What is A health system consists of all the organizations, institutions, resources health system and people whose primary purpose is to improve health. The health system delivers preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative interventions through a combination of public health actions and the pyramid of health care facilities that deliver personal health care. The pyramid of healthcare facilities WHO health system framework WHO framework that describes health systems in terms of six core components or “building blocks”: Service delivery 1 4 Access to essential medicine WHO health 2 system 5 Financing Health framework workforce 3 6 Health information Leadership and system governance WHO system framework The six building blocks contribute to the strengthening of health systems in different ways. cross-cutting components, such as leadership/governance and health information systems, provide the basis for the overall policy and regulation of all the other health system blocks. Key input components to the health system include specifically, financing and the health workforce. The immediate output components, namely medical products and technologies and service delivery, i.e. the availability and distribution of care. Health service delivery Service provision or delivery is an immediate output of the inputs into the health system, such as the health workforce, procurement and supplies, and financing. Ensuring availability of health services that meet a minimum quality standard and securing access to them are key functions of a health system. Key characteristics of good service delivery 1. Comprehensiveness A comprehensive range of health services is provided, appropriate to the needs of the target population, including preventative, curative, palliative and rehabilitative services and health promotion activities. 2. Accessibility Services are directly and permanently accessible with no undue barriers of cost, language, culture, or geography Key characteristics of good service delivery 3. Coverage Service delivery is designed so that all people in a defined target population are covered, i.e. the sick and the healthy, all income groups and all social groups 4. Continuity and Coordination Service delivery is organized to provide an individual with continuity of care across the network of services, health conditions, levels of care, and over the life-cycle. This health service need to be coordination to ensure continuity of care Key characteristics of good service delivery 5. Quality Health services are of high quality, i.e. they are effective, safe, according to the patient’s needs and given in a timely fashion. 6. Person-centredness Empowering people to take charge of their own health rather than being passive recipients of services Key characteristics of good service delivery 8. Accountability and efficiency Health services are well managed to minimize wastage of resources. Health workforce The health workforce can be defined as “all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance health”. These human resources include 1. clinical staff, such as physicians, nurses, pharmacists and dentists, as well as 2. management and support staff, such as managers, ambulance drivers and accountants shortage of health workers can be perceived from the inadequate numbers and skills of people being trained or maldistribution, as well as losses caused by death, retirement, career change or out-migration. Health information systems Sound and reliable information is the foundation of decision-making across all health system building blocks. It is essential for: 1. Health system policy development and implementation 2. Health research 3. Human resources development 4. Health education and training 5. Service delivery 6. Financing Health information systems The four key 1. Data generation. functions of 2. Organization. health system 3. Analysis and synthesis. information are: 4. Communication and use. Access to essential medicine Access has been defined as “having medicines continuously available and affordable at public or private health facilities or medicine outlets that are within one hour’s walk of the population” According to the WHO framework for health systems, a well-functioning health system ensures equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines and technologies of assured quality, safety, efficacy and cost- effectiveness, and their scientifically sound Health system financing What is Function of a health system concerned with the mobilization, health accumulation and allocation of money to cover the health needs of the financing? people in the health system The financing system is often divided conceptually into three inter-related functions 1. revenue collection 2. fund pooling 3. purchasing/provision of services. Leadership and governance Leadership and governance in building a health system involve ensuring that strategic policy frameworks exist and are combined with effective oversight, alignment, regulation, attention to system design and accountability References MONITORING THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF HEALTH SYSTEMS: A HANDBOOK OF 1 INDICATORS AND THEIR MEASUREMENT STRATEGIES  THANK YOU ! 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