Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is person-centredness in the context of health services?
What is person-centredness in the context of health services?
- Providing healthcare services with minimal wastage of resources
- Developing health system policies without considering health information systems
- Empowering people to take charge of their own health (correct)
- Defining health workforce as only clinical staff
What is included in the definition of health workforce?
What is included in the definition of health workforce?
- Clinical staff, management and support staff (correct)
- Only management and support staff
- Only pharmacists and dentists
- Only clinical staff such as physicians and nurses
What can cause a shortage of health workers?
What can cause a shortage of health workers?
- An increase in health education and training
- Inadequate numbers and skills of people being trained, as well as losses caused by death, retirement, career change or out-migration (correct)
- Adequate training and distribution of health workers
- Improvement in health information systems
What is the foundation of decision-making across all health system building blocks?
What is the foundation of decision-making across all health system building blocks?
What is one of the key functions of health information systems?
What is one of the key functions of health information systems?
How many key functions of health information systems are mentioned in the text?
How many key functions of health information systems are mentioned in the text?
What is the primary purpose of a health system?
What is the primary purpose of a health system?
What are the three components of the WHO health system framework?
What are the three components of the WHO health system framework?
What is the role of leadership and governance in the WHO health system framework?
What is the role of leadership and governance in the WHO health system framework?
What is the immediate output of the inputs into the health system?
What is the immediate output of the inputs into the health system?
What are the key input components of the health system?
What are the key input components of the health system?
What is a key function of a health system?
What is a key function of a health system?
What is the role of health information systems in the WHO health system framework?
What is the role of health information systems in the WHO health system framework?
What is the purpose of the pyramid of healthcare facilities?
What is the purpose of the pyramid of healthcare facilities?
What is a characteristic of comprehensive health services?
What is a characteristic of comprehensive health services?
What contributes to the strengthening of health systems?
What contributes to the strengthening of health systems?
What is a key aspect of accessible health services?
What is a key aspect of accessible health services?
What is the role of the health workforce in the WHO health system framework?
What is the role of the health workforce in the WHO health system framework?
What is the goal of service delivery in terms of coverage?
What is the goal of service delivery in terms of coverage?
What is the importance of continuity and coordination in service delivery?
What is the importance of continuity and coordination in service delivery?
What is a characteristic of high-quality health services?
What is a characteristic of high-quality health services?
What is the ultimate goal of health service delivery?
What is the ultimate goal of health service delivery?
What is considered accessible according to the WHO framework?
What is considered accessible according to the WHO framework?
What are the three functions of a financing system?
What are the three functions of a financing system?
What is ensured by a well-functioning health system?
What is ensured by a well-functioning health system?
What is the primary focus of leadership and governance in a health system?
What is the primary focus of leadership and governance in a health system?
What is the ultimate goal of a financing system?
What is the ultimate goal of a financing system?
What is the primary concern of access to essential medicine?
What is the primary concern of access to essential medicine?
Study Notes
Concept of Health System
- A health system consists of all organizations, institutions, resources, and people whose primary purpose is to improve health.
- It delivers preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative interventions through a combination of public health actions and the pyramid of health care facilities.
WHO Health System Framework
- The framework describes health systems in terms of six core components or "building blocks":
- Service delivery
- Access to essential medicine
- Financing
- Health workforce
- Health information system
- Leadership and governance
Service Delivery
- Key characteristics of good service delivery:
- Comprehensiveness: a comprehensive range of health services is provided, appropriate to the needs of the target population.
- Accessibility: services are directly and permanently accessible with no undue barriers of cost, language, culture, or geography.
- Coverage: service delivery is designed to cover all people in a defined target population.
- Continuity and coordination: service delivery is organized to provide an individual with continuity of care across the network of services, health conditions, levels of care, and over the life-cycle.
- Quality: health services are of high quality, i.e., effective, safe, and according to the patient's needs.
- Person-centredness: empowering people to take charge of their own health rather than being passive recipients of services.
- Accountability and efficiency: health services are well-managed to minimize wastage of resources.
Health Workforce
- The health workforce includes all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance health.
- This includes clinical staff, management and support staff, such as physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dentists, managers, ambulance drivers, and accountants.
- Shortages of health workers can be perceived from inadequate numbers and skills, maldistribution, and losses caused by death, retirement, career change, or out-migration.
Health Information Systems
- Sound and reliable information is the foundation of decision-making across all health system building blocks.
- The four key functions of health system information are:
- Data generation
- Organization
- Analysis and synthesis
- Communication and use
Access to Essential Medicine
- Access has been defined as "having medicines continuously available and affordable at public or private health facilities or medicine outlets that are within one hour's walk of the population".
- A well-functioning health system ensures equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines, and technologies of assured quality, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.
Health System Financing
- The function of a health system concerned with the mobilization, accumulation, and allocation of money to cover the health needs of the people in the health system.
- The financing system is often divided conceptually into three inter-related functions:
- Revenue collection
- Fund pooling
- Purchasing/provision of services
Leadership and Governance
- Leadership and governance in building a health system involve ensuring that strategic policy frameworks exist and are combined with effective oversight, alignment, regulation, attention to system design, and accountability.
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Description
Understand the concept of a health system, its objectives, and the WHO health system framework. Learn about the components and functions of a health system.