Construction Equipment PDF - Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE CEN 411 Construction Planning and Management Construction Equipment Prof. Anjaneya Dixit Room 331A; [email protected]; +91 133228 5106 CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRU...

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE CEN 411 Construction Planning and Management Construction Equipment Prof. Anjaneya Dixit Room 331A; [email protected]; +91 133228 5106 CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 1. Earth Moving Equipment 2. Hauling Equipment 3. Hoisting Equipment 4. Conveying Equipment 5. Aggregate and Concrete Production Equipment 6. Pile Driving Equipment 7. Tunneling and Rock Drilling Equipment 8. Pumping and Dewatering Equipment 9. Dredging Equipment 2 2 SELECTION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Use of equipment available with the organization Suitability for job condition with reference to climatic and operating conditions Uniformity of type Size of equipment Use of standard equipment Country of origin Unit cost of production Availability of spare parts and selection of manufacturers Suitability of local labor for operation 3 EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT 4 EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT Excavation/digging of large quantities of earth Moving them to distances placement Compacting, leveling, dozing, grading, hauling etc. Excavating Equipment – Power Shovel – Back-hoe – Drag Line – Clam Shell Excavating and Earth Moving Equipment – Motor Graders – Scrapers – Bull Dozers – Tractors 5 5 POWER SHOVEL 6 6 POWER SHOVEL 7 7 POWER SHOVEL 8 8 POWER SHOVEL Digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials such as soil, gravel, sand, ore, etc. Excavate earth and load into trucks, wagons or conveyor belts. Excavate all types of earth except hard rock Types of power shovel  Wheel Mounted (High Speed - Firm Ground)  Crawler Mounted (Low Speed - Unstable Soil) 9 9  BACK-HOE Long handled hand implement equipped with a light blade and Used to dig, scrape, weed, or till. Also termed as hoe, back shovel and pull shovel. Used to excavate below machine level like trenches, footings, basements Because of direct pull on the dipper, they exert greater tooth pressure than Power shovel. Basic Parts: * Boom * Jack Boom * Boom Foot Drum * Boom Sheave * Stick, Bucket * Bucket Sheave 10 10 BACK-HOE 11 11 BACK-HOE 12 12 BACK-HOE 13 13 BACK-HOE Source: www.conequip.com 14 14 DRAG-LINE 15 15 DRAG-LINE 16 16  DRAG-LINE Named so because of its prominent operation of dragging the bucket against the material to be dug. Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom, and the bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables. Dragline can dig and dump over larger distances than a shovel can do. Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and handling softer materials. 17 17 DRAG-LINE BASIC PARTS: * Boom * Hoist Cable * Drag Cable * Hoist Chain * Drag Chain * Bucket APPLICATIONS: Dragging softer material and below its track level Useful for excavating trenches without shoring. It has long reach Excavation for canals and depositing on embankment without hauling units. 18 18 CLAM SHELL 19 19  CLAM SHELL Combined characteristics of crane and dragline. Digging is done like dragline and lifting the bucket works like crane. Resemblance of the bucket to a clam (shell-fish with hinged double shell) Front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially designed bucket loosely attached at the end through cables as in a drag line. 20 20 CLAM SHELL APPLICATION: Used for handling loose material such as crushed stone, sand, gravel, coal etc. Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one location to another. Vertical hauling allows for usage in dredging and other water-related works Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam, sewer main holes, well foundations etc. 21 21 CLAM SHELL 22 22 CLAM SHELL 23 23  COMPARISON BETWEEN EQUIPMENT Items of comparison Power shovel Back-hoe Drag line Clam shell Excavation in hard Good Good Not good Poor soil or rock Excavation in wet Poor Poor Good Good soil or mud Distance between Small Small Long Long footing and digging Fairly away Fairly away Footing required Close to work Close to pit from pit from pit Digs at or Digs at or above Digs below Digs below Digging level below footing footing level footing level footing level level Cycle time Short Short Large Large 24 24 MOTOR GRADER Used for levelling or finishing earthwork, making windrows and trimming slopes. They may be either towed or motorized. Generally used in making and maintaining project roads, and land reclamation, etc. 25 25 MOTOR GRADER SPEED:  Light duty - 6-10 km/hr.  Heavy duty - 2-3 km/hr.  Normal duty - 4-6 km/hr. USES: Gravel road repairing * Road shoulder reshaping Bank cutting * Ditch filling Base course spreading * Material mixing Snow, land clearance * Frozen top soil, asphalt breaking 26 26 SCRAPERS 27 27 SCRAPERS Designed to dig, load, haul, and discharge material at desired place and Spread material over the required area without depending on the other equipment. Compromise between best loading and best hauling machines. Unique for long distance hauling. It itself digs, hauls, deposit the materials in uniform thick layers. Types: – Crawler tractor scraper – Wheel tractor scraper – Motor scraper 28 28 BULL DOZERS Efficient excavating tools for short haul applications up to 100m. It is essentially a heavy steel blade which is mounted on the front of a tractor. Used for spreading earthfill, pilot roads, back filling, clearing construction sites Classification based on: – Blades: Perpendicular or at an angle – Mounting: Wheel or Crawler Mounted – Control: Cable or Hydraulic Controlled 29 29 BULL DOZERS 30 30 BULL DOZERS 31 31 BULL DOZERS 32 32 TRACTORS Primary purpose of a tractor is to pull or push loads, and it may be used also as munt for many types of equipment such as bulldozer, shovel, dragline, hoe etc. TYPES: 1. WHEEL TYPE (