Spain Builds an American Empire PDF (Class Notes)

Class Agenda for January 30, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Question 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand how Europeans began to explore, colonize, and conquer the Americas 3. Essential Question: How did the America change after the Europeans arrived in the Americas 4. Meme/Thought of the Day 5. Academic...

Class Agenda for January 30, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Question 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand how Europeans began to explore, colonize, and conquer the Americas 3. Essential Question: How did the America change after the Europeans arrived in the Americas 4. Meme/Thought of the Day 5. Academic Vocabulary and definitions 6. Homework: Read Textbook Reading, Spain Builds an American Empire, pp. 119-125 and assessment (1-8) 7. NO exit ticket Spain Builds an American Empire Why did the Europeans decide to explore the Americas? Many indigenous people welcomed Columbus and others - Columbus called the inhabitants, Indians, but were called Tiano - He returned later as an Empire builder with 17 ships and over 1,000 men, Columbus was only the first of many explorers and colonizers, but he often gets all the blame - In 1500, the Portugal sent Pedro Álvares Cabral to Brazil and claimed the land for his country. Amerigo Vespucci an Italian believed these lands were a New world, a new continent, not Asia and a German mapmaker named the new world America Ferdinand Magellan, (Spanish) circumnavigated the world in 1522. - He left with 250 men and 5 ships returned with 1 ship and 18 men, 3 years later and Magellan was killed Conquistadors, sought riches, like mercenaries - In 1519, Hernando Cortes with 600 men reached Tenochtitlan and met Montezuma II - 1520 fighting broke out between Aztecs and Spaniards - By 1521 Cortes conquered the Aztecs The Aztecs and other Mesoamerican societies had built sophisticated civilizations throughout central and south America over millennia Francisco Pizarro, 1532 arrives in Peru, meets King Atahualpa of the Incas at Cajamarca, Spanish ambush the Incas, kidnap the king for ransom, and kill him; Incas are conquered by 1533 Spaniards settlers; - Peninsulares, men who had relationships with native people - Mestizo; A mixed Spanish and native population - Encomienda: a system in which the native population was used as labor African Slavery and Native slavery; - millions of natives died from disease, but Africans had a resistance - Disease; European diseases killed millions of native population: - In 1519 ~ 25 million in 1605 ~ 1 million Cabral who claimed Brazil found little gold or silver - Instead they built large sugar plantations High demand for Sugar in Europe, but labor intensive, and still is Spain’s colonies made them rich and powerful during the 16th century. - They built up military and navy to protect its treasure-filled ships. - Spain seldom loses a battle. - Spain enlarged its American empire by settling Florida and Southwest United States. In 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon landed on Florida and claimed it for Spain In 1542, encomienda replaced with African slavery - Some said, 1 African slave was equal to 4 native slaves. - Many priests spoke out against slavery Resistance to Spain began shortly after the Spanish arrived in 1493, - Columbus encountered resistance on the island of St. Croix. Natives in New Mexico fought against efforts to Christian conversion In 1680, Popé, a Pueblo ruler, led a rebellion with 8,000 warriors from New Mexico against the Spanish - They drove the Spanish back into New Spain (Mexico). For the next 12 years - Spanish regained control of the area in later years. - For a short time the Southwestern United States belonged to its original inhabitants.