10VP MKehl Pelvic Limb Joints Spring 2024.pdf

Pelvic Limb Joints Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Courtesy of Dr. Terri Clark Learning Goals Describe the actions of muscles on the pelvic limb joints (flexion and extension) according to the location of the muscles relative to the joints. Describe the bones and parts of...

Pelvic Limb Joints Vet Prep Structural and Functional Biology Dr. Melissa Kehl Courtesy of Dr. Terri Clark Learning Goals Describe the actions of muscles on the pelvic limb joints (flexion and extension) according to the location of the muscles relative to the joints. Describe the bones and parts of the bones that form the coxofemoral joint. Describe the bones, parts of the bones, and individual joints that form the stifle joint. Name and identify the ligaments and structures associated with the coxofemoral and stifle joints and describe their functions. Joints of the Pelvic Limb Sacroiliac jt. Coxofemoral (hip) joint Stifle joint Tarsus Proximal and distal interphalangeal jts. Metatarsophalangeal jts. Pelvis caudal view Coxofemoral Joint Lateral view Ilium Head of the femur (ball) and acetabulum (socket) synovial joint Primary movements are flexion and extension Ischium Acetabulum Pubis Also allows for abduction, adduction, and circumduction Lateral view Head of femur Left femur, cranial view Flexion and Extension Example Quadriceps femoris m. 4 heads (only 2 heads shown) Origin of rectus femoris : Pelvis (ilium – cranial to the acetabulum) Origin of vastus lateralis: Proximal femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity Actions: Flex the hip Extend the stifle Tibial tuberosity Lateral view Flexion and Extension Example Semitendinosus m. Tuber ischii A hamstring muscle Origin: Pelvis (tuber ischii) Insertion: Proximal, caudal tibia Calcaneus (a tarsal bone) Actions: Extend the hip Flex the stifle Extend the hock calcaneus Lateral views Radiograph of normal canine coxofemoral joints Femur Ventrodorsal view Joint capsule – fibrous outer layer and synovial inner membrane that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication Coxofemoral Joint Ligament of the head of the femur - courses from the acetabulum to the head of the femur Ventral view Lateral view Complex condylar synovial joint Stifle Joint Movements are limited to flexion and extension Joints: Femorotibial Femoropatellar Proximal tibiofibular Several ligaments associated with the stifle Caudolateral view Cranial view Menisci and associated ligaments Two C-shaped fibrocartilage discs – medial and lateral menisci Located between the condyles of the femur and the condyles of the tibia Dorsal view Patellar ligament Tendon of quadriceps femoris m. Patella Patellar ligament Lateral view Ligament between the patella and the tibial tuberosity Collateral ligaments of the stifle Located on the lateral and medial sides of the stifle – extra-articular Help stabilize the stifle Lateral collateral ligament Courses from the femur to the fibula and tibia Limits medial (varus) motion of the tibia Medial collateral ligament Courses from the femur to the tibia Limits lateral (valgus) motion of the tibia Cruciate ligaments Stifle of a cat Course between the femur and tibia Intra-articular Named for where they attach to the tibia Cranial cruciate ligament Attaches to the tibia cranially Prevents the tibia from sliding cranially Lateral view Caudal cruciate ligament Attaches to the tibia caudally Prevents caudal movement of the tibia Cranial view