Applied Anatomy PDF

Applied Anatomy It is a branch of anatomy which deals with the utility and implementation of knowledge of anatomy in the different fields of veterinary science like Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Therapeutics, Pathology etc Surgical Anatomy It is a special method of study of veterina...

Applied Anatomy It is a branch of anatomy which deals with the utility and implementation of knowledge of anatomy in the different fields of veterinary science like Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Therapeutics, Pathology etc Surgical Anatomy It is a special method of study of veterinary anatomy, which deals with the sites and tissues encountered during surgical operations Topographic Anatomy It is a method by which the relative positions of the various body parts are accurately determined In this the deeper tissues are studied with the help of X-rays without dissections Surface Region Head Frontal region Temporal region Facial region Nuchal region Parotid region Maxillary region Mandibular region  Dorsal cervical region Lateral cervical region Ventral cervical region Prescapular region Dewlap region Region of Forelimb Shoulder (Scapular) region Arm (Humerus) region Forearm region Manus Region of Hind Limb Hip Thigh Leg Pes Thorax Back region Wither (highest point of thoracic spines) Costal and intercostal region Sternal region Abdomen Lumbar ( Loin ) region - Flank region Paralumbar fossa region - Costal arch Parachondriac region - Umblical region Prepubic region - Inguinal region Palpable lymph node They are useful in diagnosis of certain diseases (eg. Theileria) by palpating enlarged lymphnodes since they are superficially located Important in meat inspection point of view to test the quality of meat for consumption If a particular lymphnode is inflammed the dependent parts drained by particular lymph node is considered unfit for consumption, since the inflamed glands suggest the presence of infection Location Parotid lymph node : Over posterior portion of the masseter muscle partly under cover of the parotid salivary gland Mandibular lymph node : Present at the lower part of the mandibular salivary gland under cover of insertion of sternomandibularis muscle  Prescapular lymph node (Suprascapular lymph node) : Situated at the anterior border of the supraspinatus about few cms above the shoulder joint under cover of omotransversarius Prefemoral lymph node (Precrural / Suprapatellar) : Located infront and under cover of tensor fascia latae about a hands breadth above the patella Superficial inguinal / Supramammary lymph node Male : Situated at the neck of the scrotum Female : Situated on the posterior border of mammary gland Palpable bony areas Fore Limb Scapular spine Acromion process Lateral tuberosity of humerus Point of elbow (Olecrenon process) Accessory carpal Medial and lateral borders of shaft of Metacarpal  Hind Limb External angle of ilium (Hook bone – Tuber coxae) Tuber ischii (Pin bone) Trochanter major Patella Trochlear ridges of femur Tibial tuberosity and crest Medial & lateral condyles of tibia Medial surface of tibia Point of Hock (Tuber calcis) Medial and lateral surfaces of shaft of Metatarsus Palpable bony areas Head Region Frontal crest Facial tuberosity Zygomatic arch Rim of orbit Nasal bones Angle of Mandible Horizontal ramus of mandible  Vertebral Column Wing of atlas Transverse and articular processes of cervical vertebrae Thoracic spines Lumbar spines and transverse processes Sacral crest Transverse processes & spines of cranial series of Coccygeal vertebrae Sternum and Ribs Arteries & veins for nodes They are important in recording the pulse rate of the animal which play a major role in the disease investigation The different arteries palpated in different animals are detailed as below Cattle Ventral coccygeal artery Facial artery Horse External maxillary artery Median artery Sheep and Goat Femoral artery Pig, Dog and Cat Femoral artery Location Ventral coccygeal artery can be felt on the ventral aspect of the base of the tail. It is located between sacrococcygeus ventralis muscles External maxillary artery can be felt on the medial surface of the vertical ramus of the mandible Facial artery is along anterior border of the masseter along with vein and Stenson’s duct behind Median artery is on the upper part of forearm along medial border of radius Femoral artery is on the medial aspect of the thigh in femoral canal. Location of Surface veins The surface veins are important in, Blood transfusion Intravenous injection of medicines Collection of blood samples Cattle External Jugular Vein - Located in jugular furrow. Sternomastoideus muscle which forms medial boundary of the jugular furrow separates the external jugular vein from common carotid artery thereby preventing the chances of piercing the latter during veinpuncture Ear vein Subcutaneous abdominal vein/Anterior mammary vein Horse External jugular vein  Sheep and Goat External jugular vein Cephalic vein Recurrent tarsal vein Dog and Cat Cephalic vein : Anterior aspect of elbow Recurrent tarsal vein (Lateral sapheneous vein): Infront of Tendoachilles Femoral vein in the middle part of medial aspect of thigh may also be used Pig Ear vein