Egyptian Pyramids - Archaeology and Humanity's Story PDF

Archaeology and Humanity’s Story: A Brief Introduction to World Prehistory By Deborah I. Olszewski Archaeology and Humanity’s Story: A Brief Introduction to World Prehistory Decoding Egyptian Pyramids Chapter 10 Pharaonic State and Old Kingdom Egypt Pharaonic State (303-306) Old Kingdom Egypt (306-3...

Archaeology and Humanity’s Story: A Brief Introduction to World Prehistory By Deborah I. Olszewski Archaeology and Humanity’s Story: A Brief Introduction to World Prehistory Decoding Egyptian Pyramids Chapter 10 Pharaonic State and Old Kingdom Egypt Pharaonic State (303-306) Old Kingdom Egypt (306-317) After the Old Kingdom (317-320) © 2018 3 Chapter 10 Learning Objectives 10.1 Review the timeline for this chapter. 10.2 Understand early food production in Egypt. 10.3 Examine details of the Predynastic Period. 10.4 Explain the rise of the Pharaonic State. 10.5 Understand key points of the Old Kingdom. 10.6 Understand changes associated with the Egypt’s multiple rises and falls. © 2018 4 Timeline: Egypt Where Mesopotamia (Chapter 9) was a land between two rivers, Egyptian civilization thrived along one river, the Nile and its fertile valley. See map, next slide. This chapter will introduce the Neolithic and Predynastic periods that paved the way for the later pharaonic state and Old Kingdom, the time during which the Giza pyramids were built. © 2018 5 Map: Ancient Egypt © 2018 6 Resources: Chapter 10 Pharaonic State and Old Kingdom Egypt Pharaonic State (303-306) Old Kingdom Egypt (306-317) After the Old Kingdom (317-320) © 2018 7 Resources: Object-based Overview: Ancient Egypt https://www.si.edu/spotlight/ancient-egypt © 2018 8 Resources: Explore Ancient Egypt https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/interactive/explore-ancient-egypt/ © 2018 9 Decoding the Great Pyramid https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/decoding-the-great-pyramid/ © 2018 10 Next time: Deconstructing Pyramids Th e P y ra m id s of G iza , a ls o kn own a s th e G iza P y ra m id C om p lex a n d th e G iza N e crop olis , is a world - fa m ou s a rch a e olog ica l s ite on th e G iza Plate a u in G re ate r C a iro, Eg y pt. Th e s ite in clu d e s th e G re at P y ra m id of G iza , th e P y ra m id of Kh af re , th e P y ra m id of Me n ka u re , a n d th e G re at S p h inx of G iza. Th e G re at S p h inx is a lim e ston e statu e of a re clin in g s p h inx , a my th ica l cre atu re th at com p ris e s a p h a ra oh ’s h e a d with a lion 's b od y. Th e py ra m id s a n d th e s p h inx we re a ll b u ilt d u rin g th e Fou rth Dy n a sty of th e Old K in gd om of A n cie nt Eg y pt. Did you know? © 2018 11 Old Kingdom Egypt (1 of 2) The Old Kingdom (Dynasties 3–8) began in 2686 BC. We know little about many Dynasty 3 pharaohs, with the exception of Djoser (known for his stepped pyramid)  Several pharaohs from Dynasty 4 are much betterknown, especially the three responsible for the construction of the Giza pyramids: Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaura. © 2018 12 The “Bent” Pyramid Egyptian Pyramids were the product of years of experimentation. Researchers think that the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur is a result of corrections made during the construction process. © 2018 13 Old Kingdom Egypt (2 of 2) The absolute power of Old Kingdom pharaohs was reduced to Lower Egypt (centered in Memphis) when they were challenged by regional Egyptian rulers in Dynasties 7–8. The depth of our understanding of Old Kingdom Egypt is made possible by archaeological data and the substantial written records of the time. © 2018 14 The Pyramids of Giza are located at the edges of the Western Desert, west of the Nile River, and southwest of the city center of Cairo. The Great Pyramid and the Pyramid of Khafre are the largest pyramids built in ancient Egypt. They were popularized in Hellenistic times, when the Great Pyramid was listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is by far the oldest of the Seven Wonders and the only one still in existence. Current consensus among Egyptologists is that the head of the Great Sphinx is that of Khafre, pharaoh during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. © 2018 15 The Evolution of Ancient Egypt's Pyramids – National Geographic https://youtu.be/TMkoX1 kfyDs © 2018 16 Why Pharaohs Switched from Pyramids to Underground Tombs - Smithsonian https://youtu.be/yxobDyMQgdI © 2018 17 Why Was The Great Sphinx of Giza Built? https://youtu.be/Vk3Mvd_AZHw © 2018 18 How Did The Ancient Egyptians Cut The Granite Blocks To Build The Pyramids? https://youtu.be/Lx6CeVTXcOE © 2018 19 How the Identity of a Mysterious Egyptian Pharaoh was Uncovered https://youtu.be/F5yGleq9zDA © 2018 20 Giza Virtual Egypt 4K: What Did the Pyramids Look Like? https://youtu.be/_CeDOpCFwOY © 2018 21 Wonders of the Ancient World The Giza pyramids are probably the most readily identifiable icons of the ancient world. Discuss their symbolic significance. What meaning did they have to the people who built them? Can you think of any modern monuments with similar meanings? © 2018 22