1. Introduction (2).pdf.pdf

‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬ Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ‫المملكة العربية السعودية‬ Ministry Of Higher Education ‫وزارة التعليم العالي‬ Taibah University...

‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬ Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ‫المملكة العربية السعودية‬ Ministry Of Higher Education ‫وزارة التعليم العالي‬ Taibah University ‫جامعة طيبة‬ Faculty of Sciences -Yanbu ‫كلية العلوم بينبع‬ Biology Department ‫قسم األحياء‬ General Biology Branch ‫تخصص أحياء عامة‬ 2014/2015 ‫ ﻫ‬1436/1435 GENERAL ZOOLOGY ‫حيوان عام‬ BIOZ 101 101 ‫حيو‬ Chapter 1: Introduction  1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Introduction to the animal kingdom Zoology : branch of biology that includes the study of animals and animal life, including, the study of the structure, physiology, habits, evolution and classification of all animals, both living and extinct. The term is derived from ancient Greek : (zōon, “animal”) + (logos, “knowledge”). 2 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Characteristics of Animals: Animals are a major group of living organisms that have several characteristics that set them apart from other living things:  Animals are eukaryotic and mostly multicellular, which separates them from bacteria.  They are heterotrophic, generally digesting food in an internal chamber, which separates them from plants and algae.  They are also distinguished from plants, algae, and fungi by lacking rigid cell walls.  All animals are motile, if only at certain life stages. 3 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Animals can be classified into two main groups:  Vertebrates have a backbone or a spinal column (humans, birds, snakes…)  invertebrates do not have backbone or spinal column (insects, flatworms…) 4 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 5 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 3 DOMAINS 6 KINGDOMS Bacteria Eubacteria Living organisms Archea Archeabacteria Eukarya Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Position of animals among the other living organisms 6 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 The six kingdoms of living organisms 7  1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Animal classification : Phylum Rhizopoda ‫شعبة جذرية القدم‬ 1 Phylum Mastigophora ‫شعبة السوطيات‬ PROTISTA Protozoa ‫األوليات الحيوانية‬ Phylum Ciliophora ‫شعبة الهدبيات‬ ‫مملكة األوليات‬ Phylum Sporozoa ‫شعبة البوغيات‬ Nb of Cells INVERTEBRATES _ Parazoa Phylum Porifera ‫شعبة المساميات‬ Phylum Coelenterata ‫شعبة الجوفمعويات‬ Tissues ++ Metazoa Phylum Platyhelminthes ‫شعبة الديدان المفلطحة‬ Phylum Nematoda ‫شعبة الديدان المستديرة‬ + Eumetazoa Phylum Annelida ‫شعبة الديدان الحلقية‬ Phylum Arthropoda ‫شعبة مفصلية األرجل‬ Phylum Mollusca ‫شعبة الرخويات‬ Phylum Echinodermata ‫شعبة شوكيات الجلد‬ Phylum Chordata Cephalochordates Urochordates ‫شعبة الحبليات‬ Vertebrates 8 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Classification methods : 1. Symmetry 2. Number of germ layers 3. Presence of coelom 4. Fact of Blastopore 1. Symmetry : Bilateral symmetry Radial symmetry 9 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 10 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 2. Number of germ layers: Development of the diploblastic embryo Diploblastic and Triploblastic Organisation 11 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 12  1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 3. Presence of coelom : 13 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Acoelomates (the phylum Platyhelminthes) have a solid body and lack a body cavity. 14 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 In some organisms, there is a body cavity, but it is not completely lined by mesoderm. This is termed a pseudocoelom. These pseudocoelomates include the rotifers (phylum Rotifera) and the roundworms (phylum Nematoda). 15 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Coelomates are organisms with a true coelom, a fluid-filled body cavity completely lined by mesoderm. The inner and outer layers of tissue that surround the cavity connect dorsally and ventrally to form mesenteries, which suspend the internal organs. 16  1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 4. Fact of Blastopore: 17 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 18 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Kingdoms are divided into groups called phylums Phylums are subdivided into classes Classes are subdivided into orders Orders are subdivided into families Families are divided into genera Genuses contain closely related species 19 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Classification of the Tiger Owl Bubo virginianus 20 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Ursus americanus (American black bear) Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Classification of the American black bear Ursus americanus Eukarya 21 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 Animal classification Animals 22 1. Introduction General Zoology BIOZ 101 REFERENCES: Raven, P.H., Johnson, G.B. (2002) Biology, Sixth edition. McGraw Hill. Campbell, N. A and Reece, J.B (2008) Biology.Eighth Edition. Pearson International Edition Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://www.wikipedia.org 23