Information Systems 2024/2025 PDF

Business and Finance 2024/2025 Information Systems Prof. Francesco Tornieri  Agenda Definitions Information systems Professional roles Definitions Computer, electronic device Device used for data and signal processing. [Treccani] The computer: purpose...

Business and Finance 2024/2025 Information Systems Prof. Francesco Tornieri  Agenda Definitions Information systems Professional roles Definitions Computer, electronic device Device used for data and signal processing. [Treccani] The computer: purpose Ouput Dati in entrata Informazioni utili Input data INPUT Processing ELABORAZIONE (elaborated OUTPUT data) The purpose of a computer is to process data and transform it into useful information, with the goal of speeding up problem-solving and improving productivity Computer Science – Science that studies information processing and its applications; more specifically, computer science deals with the representation, organization, and automated processing of information. – The term originates from the French word informatique (a combination of INFORMATion and automatIQUE, meaning 'automated information') and was coined by P. Dreyfus in 1962. [Treccani]" Definition of Information System and Components A combination of people, devices & applications (hardware, software and communication networks), processes, data & information that enables the company to have the necessary information at the right place and at the right time." Why? To meet the information needs by providing each decision-making center with the necessary information to operate  DATA AND INFORMATION DATA: numerical/symbolic representation of a measurement or characteristic of a phenomenon, event, object, etc. - price=202.85; stock=APPLE; time=11.24 INFORMATION: data or a set of data that has meaning and is associated with specific content - the market price of ENI stock was 202.85 at 11:24  DATA AND INFORMATION AN INFORMATION SYSTEM PROCESSES DATA AND TRANSFORMS IT INTO INFORMATION USERS NEED INFORMATION Information Systems Infrastructure Hardware: the set of tangible components of computers Software: programs, or sets of instructions, through which the computer performs specific processing functions Communication networks : connections between two or more devices through a transmission medium to enable data transmission  Definitions Companies and Information Systems Professional roles Why does a company invest resources in the information system? - To achieve a strategic business goal - To gain a competitive advantage over competitors - To increase efficiency Information Technology (IT) The Information Technology (IT) department is the business unit (BU) responsible for managing the processing and distribution of information to all organizational units within the company, ensuring that the necessary information is available to achieve business goals. Its primary role is the application of ICT to all business processes that can be made more efficient and effective through the design and implementation of automated information systems 18 Who is responsible for information systems in the company? - IT Dual role: executive and proactive - All other BU IT’s customer The IT budget Two options:: 1. Management allocates the budget to each department, then every BU define a budget for every project and assings it to the IT BU. 2. The budget is managed centrally by IT to maximize efficiency Do I have to do everything in-house? Each IT project involves a choice «make or buy» The Could Era…more options Software Application Make or buy or...? (1/2) - Make - development with internal resources - mixed development (internal and external resources) - development with external resources based on internal specifications - Buy - purchase of an existing application without customization - purchase an application with customization - acquire application rights Software Application Make or buy or...? (2/2) Hardware/Software can be purchased or "rented" - hardware device (mainframe, server farm, cloud) - software (proprietary/commercial software, licensed, pay-per-use, etc.) - hardware or software (outsourcing, software as a service)  The information systems function and new digital skills Definitions Companies and Information Systems Professional roles Professional Roles Data Scientist E-commerce specialist Cybersecurity Expert Social Media Manager Community Manager Web content specialist Web Designer Web Marketing Manager Mobile Developer