CE 423 Water Supply Planning & Development PDF

CE 423 TE1 - Water Supply Planning & Development prepared by: Yuna (PPT #1) -------------------------------------------------------- IMPORTANCE OF SAFE WATER ON PUBLIC HEALTH Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking...

CE 423 TE1 - Water Supply Planning & Development prepared by: Yuna (PPT #1) -------------------------------------------------------- IMPORTANCE OF SAFE WATER ON PUBLIC HEALTH Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production or recreational purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation, and better management of water resources, can boost countries’ economic growth and can contribute greatly to poverty reduction. -------------------------------------------------------- UN AND THE SDGs In 2015, the UN General Assembly explicitly recognized the human right to water and sanitation. Everyone has the right to sufficient, continuous, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by the United UN SDG NO. 6 Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the Indicator: SAFELY MANAGED DRINKING planet, and ensure that by 2030 all WATER SERVICES people enjoy peace and prosperity. Drinking water which is: from an improved water source located on the premises available when needed free from fecal and priority chemical contamination  CATEGORIES OF WATER CONSUMPTION A.) DOMESTIC In-house Use: Drinking, cooking, sanitation, house cleaning, laundry, car washing, etc. Out-house Use: garden watering, lawn sprinkling, bathing pools, etc. -------------------------------------------------------- Standpipe Use: standpipes and public fountains WATER AND HEALTH B.) TRADE & INDUSTRIAL Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as: Industrial: for factories, industries, power stations, docks, etc. Diarrhea Commercial: shops, offices, Cholera restaurants, hotels, airports, small Dysentery trades, workshops, etc. Hepatitis A Institutional: hospitals, schools, Typhoid universities, government offices, Polio military establishments, etc. Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately C.) AGRICULTURAL managed water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks. For crops, livestock, horticulture, greenhouses, dairies, farmsteads -------------------------------------------------------- D.) PUBLIC ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS For public parks, green areas, street watering, When water comes from improved and water mains and sewer flushing, fire-fighting more accessible sources, people spend E.) LOSSES less time and effort physically collecting it, meaning they can be Distribution Losses – leakage from productive in other ways. mains and service pipes upstream of This can also result in greater personal consumers’ meters or property safety by reducing the need to make boundary; leaks from valves, hydrants long or risky journeys to collect water. and washouts, leakage and overflows Better water sources also mean less from service reservoirs expenditure on health, as people are Consumer Wastage – leakage and less likely to fall ill and incur medical wastage on consumers’ premises and costs, and are better able to remain from their supply pipes, misuse, or economically productive. unnecessary use of water by consumers With children particularly at risk from Metering and Other Losses – source water-related diseases, access to meter errors, supply meter errors improved sources of water can result in unauthorized or unrecorded better health, and therefore better consumption school attendance, with positive longer-term consequences for their lives CHALLENGES pressure distribution in the pipe network. FACTORS AFFECTING WATER SUPPLY Most of WSS are installed on existing SYSTEMS or planned roads, so problems with Climate Change existing communal infrastructures can Increasing Water Scarcity occur during construction. Population Growth Demographic Changes Urbanization ✓ By 2025, half of the world’s population will -------------------------------------------------------- be living in water-stressed areas. OBJECTIVES OF A WATER SUPPLY ✓ Re-use of wastewater, to recover water, SYSTEM nutrients, or energy, is becoming an important strategy To supply safe and wholesome water to the consumers ✓ Increasingly, countries are using wastewater To supply water in adequate quantity for irrigation To make water available within easy reach of the consumers ✓ Options for water sources used for drinking To supply water to domesticated water and irrigation will continue to evolve, animals with an increasing reliance on groundwater and alternative sources, including wastewater. To supply water to industries -------------------------------------------------------- ✓ Climate Change will lead to greater fluctuations in harvested rainwater. LESSONS LEARNED BY THE PHILIPPINE WATER SECTOR ✓ Management of all water resources will need to be improved to ensure provision and quality. -------------------------------------------------------- WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM A water supply system delivers water -------------------------------------------------------- from sources to customers, and CONSIDERATIONS FOR A provides services vital to the function SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM of an industrialized society and important to emergency response and recovery after disastrous events (e.g., earthquakes). Water supply systems are one of the most important infrastructure buildings. The main purpose of water -------------------------------------------------------- supply systems is the distribution of water to all its users. Water must be WATER SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS delivered in sufficient quantity and at 1.) Service Level acceptable pressure. 2.) Water Demand Projections 3.) Facilities Design Water Supply Systems are dependent on: 4.) Capital Investment and O&M Costs 5.) Tariff Design Spatial Characteristics which includes 6.) Design Iteration topography and its influence on the 7.) Plans and Design Specifications DESIGN OUTPUTS It is essential when the area to be supplied is located at a higher elevation 1.) Engineer’s Report than that of the source of supply. 2.) General Layout 3.) Detailed Plans 4. Collection Chamber 4.) Specifications 5.) Bill of Quantities and Cost Estimates if the water demand is not met by a single source, it may be required. This -------------------------------------------------------- prevents the backflow of water from one source to another. REQUIREMENTS FOR DETAILED It is used to collect water from more ENGINEERING DESIGN than one source. 1.) General It settles coarse materials contained in 2.) Confirmation of Proposed Source Facilities river or spring water. 3.) Topographic Survey 4.) System Configuration and Sizing 5. Transmission Mains 5.) Final System Design for the conveyance of water from the 6.) Schematic Network Diagram source to the treatment plant, different 7.) Preparation of Detailed Design Drawings types of conduit are used like open 8.) Cost Estimates channels, aqueducts, pipelines, etc. is -------------------------------------------------------- known as transmission mains. Water from the transmission main is COMPONENTS OF A WATER SUPPLY not given to users. SYSTEM 6. Interruption Chamber 1. Source of Water the chamber which is provided in the this refers to the place from where transmission lines to prevent bursting water is obtained. The source must be pipes due to excessive pressure is reliable and have a minimum number known as an interruption chamber. of impurities. It should have more Hence, the function of this chamber is charge than that of demand. The source to release high pressure or convert it may be surface or sub- surface. into atmospheric pressure. 2. Intake 7. Treatment or Purification an intake collects the water from the the raw water contains various types of source and feeds it to the transmission impurities to remove those impurities line. which is harmful to human and other The basic functions of intake are: to living beings health water treatment is ensure required water and reduce done. sediment entry, to check trash and The objective of water treatment is to debris entry along with water entering provide and maintain water that is and prevent the entry of ice, and to hygienically safe, palatable, and collect water from the source and feed aesthetically attractive in an economic it to the transmission line. manner. 3. Pump 8. Reservoir a pump is a lifting device commonly Reservoir is necessary to balance the required to lift water from a source variation of demand and to reserve which is operated with the help of water. energy. 9. Control Valves They are provided in the pipelines to control and regulate the flow of water. 10. Distribution System After the treatment of water, it is distributed to the targeted community for domestic, industrial, commercial, and public uses by the means of a pipe network is known as the distribution system. It is designed for peak flow. 11. Break Pressure Tank A small tank constructed in a rural gravity water supply specifically built to break the hydrostatic pressure is called a break pressure tank. It prevents the pipe from bursting due to excessive pressure. The main function of a Break Pressure Tank is releasing force into atmospheric pressure. 12. Public Standpost This is the last and most frequently used component of the water supply system. In rural areas, consumers collect water from public stand posts to meet their house demand. If people cannot afford private connections in the rural area and scattered houses in the area a stand post serves 8 to 10 households.