Veterinary Anatomy I: CVM 710 Fall 2024 PDF

Veterinary Anatomy I: CVM 710: Fall 2024 Dr. Ismael Concha-Albornoz [email protected] 024- Abdomen & pelvis: Walls & Peritoneum www.ana...

Veterinary Anatomy I: CVM 710: Fall 2024 Dr. Ismael Concha-Albornoz [email protected] 024- Abdomen & pelvis: Walls & Peritoneum www.anato.cl Learning Objectives 1. Describe the general distribution of the peritoneum differentiating the parietal, visceral and connector layers. 2. Understand the concept of retroperitoneal space/organs 3. Name the different part of the peritoneum that are originated from the dorsal and ventral embryonic mesenteries. 4. Describe the greater omentum and its different components and organs that are attached. Differentiate between superficial and deep layers, omental sac and omental foramen. 5. Describe the lesser omentum and its different components and organs that are attached. Identify the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments. 6. Describe the falciform ligament 7. Describe the median ligament of the bladder.  Veterinary Anatomy I: CVM 710: Fall 2024 Dr. Ismael Concha-Albornoz [email protected] 024- Abdomen & pelvis: Walls & Peritoneum www.anato.cl Learning Objectives 8. Describe the boundaries of the abdominal cavity, including the various layers od muscles and aponeurosis, openings, etc. thereof. 9. Describe the formation of the inguinal rings, inguinal canal, and the structures which pass through this opening. 10. Describe the blood supply to the abdominal walls identifying the vessels that are originated from descending aorta, internal thoracic a. and pudendoepigastric trunk. 11. Describe the innervation of the abdominal wall 12. Describe the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal walls. Abdomen Review External abdominal oblique m. Internal abdominal oblique m. Transversus abdominis m. Rectus abdominis m. Linea alba Prepubic tendon Rectus sheath  Inguinal canal Perforation in the abdominal wall in the region of the groin “Short fissure filled with connective tissue between the abdominal muscles” Extends between superficial and deep inguinal rings Passageway through the abdominal wall for several structures External pudendal a & v Genitofemoral nerve Lymphatics Vaginal process/tunic Spermatic cord Deep inguinal ring Inguinal canal Superficial inguinal ring Miller’s Fig. 6-37  Linea alba Aponeurosis of ext. abdominal oblique m. Rectus abominis mm. Encapsulated in their sheath Prepubic tendon Attachment of rectus abdominis mm. Dr Ismael Concha-Albornoz  Linea alba Aponeurosis of ext. abdominal oblique m. Superficial inguinal rings Ext pudendal vessels Genitofemoral n. Lymphatics Female: Vaginal process Male: Spermatic cord Prepubic tendon Attachment of rectus abdominis mm. Dr Ismael Concha-Albornoz  Linea alba Muscular & Vascular Aponeurosis of ext. abdominal oblique m. lacunas Superficial inguinal rings Ext pudendal vessels Genitofemoral n. Lymphatics Female: Vaginal process Male: Spermatic cord Femoral triangle Prepubic tendon Attachment of rectus abdominis mm. Dr Ismael Concha-Albornoz  Aponeurosis of ext. abdominal oblique m. Superficial inguinal ring Fascia of ext. abdominal oblique m. reflected Muscular lacuna Passageway for iliopsoas m. Ext pudendal vessels and femoral nerve Genitofemoral n. Lymphatics Female: Vaginal process (opened) Male: Spermatic cord Vascular lacuna (femoral ring) Passageway for vessels coursing to the pelvic limb Dr Ismael Concha-Albornoz Prepubic tendon Attachment of rectus abdominis mm. In females a peritoneal sac named vaginal process, pass through the inguinal canal Inguinal canal In males a peritoneal sacs or vaginal tunics, pass through the inguinal canal. The testicle and spermatic cord structures are contained within the tunics Done Figs. 6.6 & 6.63  Blood supply to the abdominal wall Deep circumflex iliac a. From aorta Cranial abdominal a. From phrenicoabdominal a. (or common trunk) off aorta Caudal (deep & superficisal) epigastric aa. From pudendoepigastric trunk Cranial (deep & superficial) epigastric aa. From internal thoracic a.  Internal abdominal oblique m. (reflected) Transversus abdominis m. Cranial deep epigastric aa. From internal thoracic a. Dr Ismael Concha-Albornoz  Cranial superficial epigastric a. Caudal superficial epigastric a. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes Axillar lymph nodes Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes Dyce Fig. 14-1 Nerve supply to the abdominal wall Costoabdominal n. (T13) Cranial iliohypogastric n. (L1) Caudal iliohypogastric n. (L2) Ilioinguinal n (L3) Lateral cutaneous femoral n. (L4)  Abdominal Quadrants Right Cranial Left Cranial Left Caudal Right Caudal Smith, Bonnie Fig. 43-3  Abdominal 9 regions RH-Right hypochondrium Xi-Xiphoid. LH-left hypochondrium RF-Right flank Um-Umbilical LF-Left flank Ri- Right inguinal. Pu-Pubic Li-Left inguinal Serosa or serous membrane: Is a smooth tissue membrane lining the cavity organs and inner walls of body cavities. Serosas secrete fluid (serous fluid) to allow lubricated movements between opposing surfaces Thoracic cavity: Contain pleural & pericardial cavities Abdominal & pelvic cavities (abdominopelvic cavity): Contain the peritoneal cavity http://manatipr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Powerpoint-1-Introduction-to- Anatomy-and-Physiology.pdf Peritoneal Cavity Peritoneum - serous membrane – Parietal peritoneum Fascia Transversalis: Connective tissue that glue the parietal peritoneum with the cavity walls – Visceral peritoneum – Connecting peritoneum Evans Fig. 134 & Done Fig. 6.14  Digestive system Anus Oral cavity  GI tract Abdomen & cranial portion of pelvic cavity Peritoneum - serous membrane Peritoneum - serous membrane Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Dorsal mesentery Connecting peritoneum Peritoneal Cavity Peritoneal Ventral Cavity mesentery  Lumbar vertebrae Retro peritoneum Dorsal Transversalis fascia: Glue peritoneum to the walls mesentery Peritoneal Parietal peritoneum Cavity Visceral G I Tract peritoneum Peritoneal Cavity bladder Liver Visceral peritoneum Ventral mesentery Dr. Ismael Concha Dorsal mesentery related with the stomach growth and twist during the development of the organ and is known as Greater omentum Lumbar vertebrae Retro peritoneum Peritoneal mesos Cavity Visceral Stomachperitoneum Intestines Peritoneal Cavity bladder Liver Visceral Parietal peritoneum peritoneum Ventral mesentery Dr. Ismael Concha  Greater omentum – Connects the greater curvature of the stomach, spleen and the initial part of the duodenum with the pancreas (which connect to the dorsal body wall) Getty Fig. 6-25 Greater omentum (Greater epiplon) Omental bursa Located between the superficial and deep leaf of the greater omentum Omenetal (Epiploic) foramen Connects the omental bursa with the peritoneal cavity, in the right side of the abdomen Left lobe of pancreas Deep leaf superficial leaf Greater curvature of the stomach Getty Fig. 6-25  Greater Omentum Greater curvature of stomach spleen Urinary bladder Superficial leaf of greater omentum Budras Pg. 51  Greater Omentum deep leaf of greater omentum Left lobe of pancreas spleen Urinary bladder Budras Pg. 51  Greater curvature of stomach Superficial leaf of Spleen greater omentum Deep leaf of greater omentum Mesos  Lesser omentum Membranes of the ventral Lumbar vertebrae mesentery that connects the stomach with the liver Retro peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Peritoneal Greater Cavity omentum Visceral Stomachperitoneum G I Tract bladder Liver Visceral peritoneum Ventral mesentery Dr. Ismael Concha Lesser omentum. Membranes originated from the embryonic ventral mesentery. Can be divided in two portions – Hepatogastric ligament: from lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver – Hepatoduodenal ligament: form the first part of the duodenum to the liver: Getty Fig. 6-25  Lesser omentum Liver Hepatoduodenal ligament Liver Hepatogastric ligament:  Lumbar vertebrae Retro peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Peritoneal Greater Cavity omentum Falciform ligament Visceral Stomachperitoneum Membranes of G the I Tract ventral mesentery that connects the liver with the diaphragm and the ventral wall of the abdomen. In fetus the umbilical vein is embedded in between the membranes. In adults the umbilical vein become the teres lig. (round lig.) of the liver. The bladder Liver Visceral falciform lig. in adults is infiltrated with fat. peritoneum Ventral mesentery Dr. Ismael Concha  Lumbar vertebrae Retro peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Median lig. of the urinary bladder Membranes of the ventral mesentery that connects the Peritoneal Greater bladder with the ventral wall of the abdomen. In fetus Cavity omentum the urachus is embedded in between the membranes. Visceral Stomachperitoneum G I Tract bladder Liver Visceral peritoneum Ventral mesentery Dr. Ismael Concha  Structures arising from the dorsal and ventral mesenteries Dorsal mesentery – Dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum) – Mesoduodenum – Mesojejunum Lesser omentum Mesos – Mesoileum – Mesocolon – Mesorectum Ventral mesentery – Ventral mesogastrium (lesser omentum) – Falciform ligament – Median ligament of the bladder Greater omentum