Understanding Health Information Systems PDF

Understanding Health Information Systems Outline Concepts, Components and Frameworks WHO Health System Philippine Health Information System Privacy, Security and Ethical Use of ICT Health Information Systems any system that captures, stores, manages or transmits information related...

Understanding Health Information Systems Outline Concepts, Components and Frameworks WHO Health System Philippine Health Information System Privacy, Security and Ethical Use of ICT Health Information Systems any system that captures, stores, manages or transmits information related to the health of individuals or the activities of organisations that work within the health sector. Types of Healthcare Information System 1. Electronic Health Record (EHR) or Electronic Medical Record (EMR).These are the largescale contributors to HIS in healthcare. These platforms collect, store, and share data related to a patient's health history. 2. CIS or Clinical Information Systems are digital solutions that automate the collection of electronic data from ventilators, monitors, filtration equipment, infusion pumps, and more. 3. Practice Management Software - Having practice management software enhances the efficiency of medical practices, streamlines patient care delivery, and professional satisfaction with a holistic approach. 4. Medical Decision Support Systems - This software promptly provides reminders to assist in the integration of evidence-based medical guidelines at the care delivery axis. Benefits of Health Information System 1. Organized & Coordinated Treatment Process - patients can get seamless and coordinated treatment from healthcare providers. it improves the delivery of care and outcomes for the patients. 2. Improved Patient Safety 3. Betterment in Patient Care 4. Hassle-free Process of Performance Analysis - HIS reduces the paperwork and makes every record computerized. 5. Transfiguration in Clinical Procedures - you can address any kind of stressful situation for your patients. 6. Circumvention of Medical Errors - HIS maintain less paperwork and makes everything computerized and automated, you get error-free reports and information. As a result, various medication errors can be avoided and patients’ safety can be ensured. Benefits of Health Information System 7. Instant & Seamless Accessibility to Patients’ Details - the more reliable the information is, you have the better chance to make any decision, implement any policy, execute any regulation, conduct health research, training, and development program, and check on service delivery. 8. Minimized Operational Expense -to assign resources in a planned manner and save potentially remarkable amounts of expenses, energy, and supplies 9. Saving of Time -By making all the patients’ information computerized and personal activities automated, HIS saves a significant amount of time in making patient care coordinated and hospital management seamless. 10. Improved Patient Satisfaction - The patients can rely on your service, and when you become a reliable name in your sector, you get more patients and get a great return on investment. District Level Routine Information Systems- comprise data collected at regular intervals at public, private, and community-level health facilities and institutions. Disease Surveillance Systems - the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. Laboratory Information Systems – a computer software that processes, stores and manages data from all stages of medical processes and tests. Hospital Patient Administration Systems (PAS) - developed out of the automation of administrative paperwork in healthcare organisations, particularly hospitals, and are one of the core components of a hospital's IT infrastructure Human Resource Management Information Systems (HRMIS) –a centralized repository of employee master data from the human resource management group. A system that stores, processes and manages employee data, such as names, addresses, etc. Health Information Systems decision-making at ○ all levels of a health system requires reliable health statistics that are disaggregated by sex, age and socioeconomic characteristics. ○ policy level, decisions informed by evidence contribute to more efficient resource allocation ○ delivery level, information about the quality and effectiveness of services can contribute to better outcomes http://phinnetwork.org/resources/health-information-systems-his/ Concepts, Components and Framework Components and Framework  Components and Framework Health information system resources: These consist of the legislative, regulatory, and planning frameworks required to ensure a fully functioning HIS and the resources that are required for such a system to be functional, such as personnel, financing, information and communications technology (ICT) etc. Indicators: A core set of indicators and related targets is the basis for an HIS plan and strategy. Indicators need to encompass determinants of health, health system inputs, outputs, and outcomes,http://phinnetwork.org/resources/health-information-systems-his/ and health status.  Components and Framework Data sources: including population-based approaches (censuses, surveys and civil registration) and institution-based data (individual records, service records, and resource records). Additional information from occasional health surveys, research, and information produced by community-based organizations (CBOs). Data management: collection, storage, quality-assurance, flow, processing, compilation, and analysis of data. http://phinnetwork.org/resources/health-information-systems-his/  Components and Framework Information products: Data must be transformed into information that will become the basis for evidence and decision making. 6 Dissemination and use: The value of health information can be enhanced by making it readily accessible to decision makers. http://phinnetwork.org/resources/health-information-systems-his/ WHO Health System Basics What is a Health System? Consists of all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. The term "health system" refers to the comprehensive network of organizations, institutions, resources, and individuals that work together to deliver healthcare services to a population. It encompasses various components, including hospitals, clinics, primary care providers, specialists, pharmacies, insurance companies, government agencies, and more. Health system goals Improving health and health equity ○ Responsive, financially fair, use of available resources Route from inputs to health outcomes ○ Through achieving greater access to and coverage for effective health interventions WHO Health System Framework Philippine HIS Health Information System Comprehensive Approach Public health data Hospital data Disease Surveillance Health Accounts Censuses Philippine Health Vital Statistics Information Survey Data System Regulation Data Administrative Data Qualitative Data such as Good Practices Journals, Manuals, other gray materials Philippine Health Information Network DOH DILG NSO WHO GTZ NSCB JICA PCHRD Academe UPCM Medical societies POPCOM National Nutrition Council FNRI PHIS Strategic Framework Privacy, Security, and Ethical Use of ICT Computer Security Risks A computer security risk is any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability A cybercrime is an online or Internet-based illegal act Here are some common computer security risks: Malware: Malicious software, including viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware, can infect a computer system, steal data, or disrupt normal operations. Phishing: Phishing attacks involve tricking individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial data, by posing as a trustworthy entity through email, messages, or websites. Social Engineering: Attackers manipulate individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security, often by exploiting trust or authority. Weak Passwords: Passwords that are easy to guess or not regularly updated can be a vulnerability. Password cracking and brute force attacks target weak passwords. Unpatched Software: Failing to update software, operating systems, and applications with security patches can leave systems vulnerable to known exploits. Insider Threats: Employees or individuals with access to systems can intentionally or unintentionally compromise security by sharing sensitive data or engaging in malicious activities. Computer Security Risks Internet and Network Attacks Information transmitted over networks has a higher degree of security risk than information kept on an organization’s premises An online security service is a Web site that evaluates your computer to check for Internet and e-mail vulnerabilities Internet and Network Attacks Internet and Network Attacks An infected computer has one or more of the following symptoms: Internet and Network Attacks A firewall is hardware and/or software that protects a network’s resources from intrusion Internet and Network Attacks Unauthorized Access and Use Unauthorized Access and Use Access controls define who can access a computer, when they can access it, and what actions they can take –Two-phase processes called identification and authentication –User name –Password –CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) Unauthorized Access and Use A possessed object is any item A biometric device that you must carry to gain authenticates a person’s access to a computer or identity by translating a computer facility personal characteristic into a –Often are used in digital code that is compared combination with a personal with a digital code in a identification number computer (PIN) Hardware Theft and Vandalism Software Theft  Information Theft Information theft occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information Encryption is a process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access System Failure A system failure is the prolonged malfunction of a computer A variety of factors can lead to system failure, including: –Aging hardware –Natural disasters –Electrical power problems Noise, undervoltages, and overvoltages System Failure Two ways to protect from system failures caused by electrical power variations include surge protectors and uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) Health Concerns of Computer Use The widespread use of computers has led to health concerns –Repetitive strain injury (RSI) –Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) –Computer vision syndrome (CVS)  Health Concerns of Computer Use Ergonomics is an applied science devoted to incorporating comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workplace  Health Concerns of Computer Use Computer addiction occurs when the computer consumes someone’s entire social life Symptoms of users include:  Ethics and Society Computer ethics are the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems Information accuracy is a concern –Not all information on the Web is correct  Ethics and Society Intellectual property rights are the rights to which creators are entitled for their work A copyright protects any tangible form of expression An IT code of conduct is a written guideline that helps determine whether a specific computer action  Ethics and Society Green computing involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using a computer  Ethics and Society Information privacy refers to the right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them Huge databases store data online It is important to safeguard your information  Ethics and Society A cookie is a small text file that a Web server stores on your computer  Web sites use cookies for a variety of reasons:  Ethics and Society Spam is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting Phishing is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail message that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information Pharming is a scam where a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and financial information via spoofing Summary Concepts, Components and Frameworks WHO Health System Philippine Health Information System Privacy, Security and Ethical Use of ICT Exercise 1. What is Netiquette? 2. Research on Netiquette for Medical Practitioners or in Healthcare 3. What are some ethical issues in the use of ICT in healthcare Cite your sources