LEC 05 - HIS - Health Information Systems PDF

HIS - HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS HENRICK AARON LO, RMT, MSMLS |1st Semester | 2MT-L organizations that work within the health sector." This definition encompasses OUTLINE...

HIS - HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS HENRICK AARON LO, RMT, MSMLS |1st Semester | 2MT-L organizations that work within the health sector." This definition encompasses OUTLINE district-level routine information systems, I. INTRODUCTION disease surveillance systems, laboratory II. DEFINE CONCEPTS, ROLE, AND FUNCTION information systems, hospital patient OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM administration systems (PAS), and human A. OVERVIEW OF HEALTH resource management information INFORMATION SYSTEMS systems (HRMIS). B. ROLE AND FUNCTION OF HEALTH Overall, a well-functioning HIS is an INFORMATION SYSTEMS integrated effort to collect, process, C. COMPONENTS OF HEALTH report, and use health information and INFORMATION SYSTEM knowledge to influence policy and D. DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES FOR decision-making, program action, HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM individual and public health outcomes, III. KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER and research. At a policy level, decisions informed by INTRODUCTION evidence contribute to more efficient Health Informatics is the application of resource allocation and, at the delivery both both technology and systems in a - level, information about the quality and - healthcare setting. effectiveness of services can contribute to Health Information Technology focuses better outcomes. on&tools As information systems become closer to Health Information Systems cover the the source of collection, it should become records, coding, documentation, and sustainable and not overburden health - administration of patient and ancillary delivery staff or be too expensive to run. services. Furthermore, employees need feedback Concerns about the cost and quality of on how the routine data they collect can healthcare are among the motivating be utilized and to understand the factors why Health Information systems significance of good quality data for are increasingly implemented across improving health (Pacific Health health industries all over the world. Information Network, 2016). The combination of elements in an HIS enables the provision of more efficient ROLE AND FUNCTION OF and effective healthcare services. HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS In this chapter, the components of a Sheahan (2017) describes health health information system are examined information systems as a mechanism to to understand how they correlate and keep track of everything related to translate into harmonious operations. patients, from patient's medical history, to medication logs, contact information, DEFINE CONCEPTS, ROLE AND FUNCTION OF appointment times, insurance HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM information, and billing and payment accounts. OVERVIEW OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS She further elaborates the role that a Health Information Systems refer to any well-implemented HIS can play in system that "captures, stores, manages, or improving the services provided by a transmits information related to the health institution: health of individuals or the activities of 1. Files are Easier to Access TRANSCRIBED BY: JULIE IVANNA PADILLA 1 LECTURE # | COURSE – TITLE -Health information systems manner, enabling have revolutionized the decision-makers to make way that doctors and better-informed choices health care professionals about different aspects of maintain patient the health institution, from information. patient care to annual - These systems are budgets. electronic, so the days of - It also upholds hard files and loose papers Ear transparency and are over. Las accountability due to the 2. More Controls easier access to - Staff must be authorized to - information. access the health information system. COMPONENTS OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM - Doctors - may have The Health Metrics Network (HMN), in their - permission to update, Framework and Standards for Country Health - change, and delete Information Systems (2008), has defined a Health - information from the Information System as consisting of six electronic medical record. components: - The receptionist, however, = INPUTS may only have the 1. Health Information System Resources - authority to update a - These consist of the legislative, - patient's appointments. regulatory, - and - planning 3. Easy to Update frameworks required to ensure a - - Health information systems fully functioning health let doctors - create information system, and the electronic medical records - resources that are prerequisites for for their patients. such a system to be functional. - Patient information can be - Such resources involve personnel, pulled up for review at any financing, logistics support, time and copies can be information and communications made for the patient upon technology (ICT), and coordinating request. mechanisms within and among the 4. Communication six components (Section 2-6). - Health information systems PROCESSES abet communication 2. Indicators between multiple doctors - A core set of indicators and related or hospitals. plan and targets for the three domains of - According to Government health information outlined in Strategy - Health IT, medical For Section 2.3 is the basis for a plan - professionals must pay Hi and strategy for a health close attention to 3 domains information system. confidentiality issues, such - - Indicators need to encompass as patient privacy and determinants of health; health security safeguards to system inputs, outputs, and ensure unauthorized users outcomes; and health status. cannot access the 3. Data Sources information. - Divided into two main categories: - A good Health Information (1) population-based - approaches System delivers accurate (censuses, - civil registration, and information in a timely population surveys) - TRANSCRIBED BY: JULIE IVANNA PADILLA 2  LECTURE # | COURSE – TITLE (2) institution-based e n data DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES FOR (individual records, service HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM records, and resource records). basic set of - Section 2.4 describes a basic set of standards For - standards for each source and Demographic Consist of facts such Data as age (or birth - each source strategic elements in achieving date), gender, race these standards. CONSiSt IE - A number of other data collection and ethnic origin, FACA (Age , marital status, approaches and sources- occasional health surveys, gender , race) address of research, and information residence, names of produced by community based and other organizations-do not fit neatly into information about either of the two main categories immediate family but can provide important members, and information that may not be emergency available elsewhere. information. 4. Data Management Information about - This covers all aspects of data employment status covers all (and employer), handling: collection, storage, aspect 2 5 quality-assurance, flow, processing,. schooling, and compilation, and analysis (Section education. 2.5). - Specific requirements for Administrative Involve facts, with periodicity and timeliness are Data respect to services defined where critical - as in the provided (e.g., respect T case of disease surveillance. diagnostic tests or Services - OUTPUTS outpatient provided - 5. Information Products procedures), and - - Data must be transformed into also typically - include charges and basis For information that will become the - amounts paid, the - basis for evidence and knowledge evidence and - to -shape health action (Section kind of practitioner - knowledge C 2.6). (physician, 6. Dissemination and Use podiatrist, - The value of health information psychologist), can be enhanced by making it physician specialty, readily readily accessible to and nature of accessible - decision-makers (giving due institution (general attention to behavioral and or specialty organizational constraints) and by hospital, physician providing incentives for office or clinic, home care agency, - - - information use (Section 2.7). nursing home, and so forth). Health Risk Reveals lifestyle and Information behavior (e.g., whether an Lifestyle behavior individual uses TRANSCRIBED BY: JULIE IVANNA PADILLA 3 LECTURE # | COURSE – TITLE tobacco products or Current Includes the engages regularly in Medical content of strenuous exercise) Management encounter forms or and facts about encounter parts of the patient family history and record. FOUMS or genetic factors to Such information Parts Of evaluate propensity might reflect health - for different the patient screening, current - diseases. recor health problems, and diagnoses, Health Status Health status (or allergies (especially reported by health-related those to individuals quality of life), is medications), themsel is generally reported diagnostic or by individuals therapeutic themselves, reflects procedures domains of health performed, such as physical - laboratory tests functioning, mental - carried out, - and emotional - - medications well-being, n prescribed, and cognitive counseling - functioning, social - provided. - and role - functioning, and - Outsource Outcomes data perceptions of Data comprise a wide - - one's health in the array of measures F - array - past, present, and - - of the effects of - future and wide healthcare and the - me as use - compared with that aftermath of - of one's peers. various health - problems; they - Patient Considers data on might reflect health Medical previous medical - care events such as History encounters such as - readmission to hospital admissions, hospital or Previous surgical procedures, unexpected medical pregnancies and complications or encountry live births, and the side effects of care, like; it also includes and also include information on past measures of medical problems satisfaction with and possibly family care. history or events Outcomes are (e.g., alcoholism or assessed weeks or parental divorce). months after health care events, and by means of reports directly from TRANSCRIBED BY: JULIE IVANNA PADILLA 4 LECTURE # | COURSE – TITLE individuals (or family members), are desirable, although these are likely to be the least commonly available (Donaldson and Lohr, 1994). KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER Health information systems refer to any system that "captures, stores, manages, or transmits information related to the health of individuals or the activities of organizations that work within the health sector." HIS improves the services because files are easier to access, provided with more controls, easy to update, and easy communication. The components of HIS are (Inputs) Health Information System Resources; (Processes) Indicators, Data Sources, Data Management; and (Outputs) Information Products, and Dissemination and Use. The different data sources are: Demographic Data, Administrative Data, Health Risk Information, Health Status, Patient Medical History, Current Medical Management, and Outcomes Data. REFERENCES: NOTE: Black text – reference book TRANSCRIBED BY: JULIE IVANNA PADILLA 5