Dance and Rhythm PDF

SH1689 Dance and Rhythm I. Dancing It is a means of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined by rhythm. It is an act of moving rhythmically a...

SH1689 Dance and Rhythm I. Dancing It is a means of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined by rhythm. It is an act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an accompaniment. It came from an old German word “danson” which means “to stretch”. Essentially, all dancing is made up of stretching and relaxing. II. Dance It refers to movement set to music where there emerges organization, structure, and pattern. It is a composition that implies arrangement of parts into a form. It is the art form in which human movement becomes the medium for sensing, understanding, and communicating ideas, feelings, and experiences. Dance education’s goal is to engage a student in artistic experiences through the processes of creation, performance, and response. It pertains to the act of movement. Dance is one of the most beautiful forms of art that has grown in leaps and bounds. Dance is no longer just a hobby, it is also one of the most lucrative professions as well. Dance is a form of expression that helps a person to discover a whole new world. Every dance has a unique identity. Each dance is beautiful in its own way and has a different appeal to it. III. Rhythm It is a measure motion of flow, characterized by regular recurrence of elements or features as beats, sounds, or accents. This definition implies measurement of time, space, and energy. All works of art require rhythm. It is natural to every individual. This is so because of a sense of rhythm, which is influenced by the rhythmic beating of person’s heart, the rhythmic movement of lungs as oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is forced out the body’s system, and other rhythmic movements of the organs of human body. It is a term which denotes an aspect of a quality of movement that is sometimes thought of as dance. When an individual move in response to a particular rhythm or music, we call the movements as rhythmic movements or rhythms. It is the pattern of movement. IV. Phases of Dance A. Folk/Ethnic It is a cultural art form handed down from generation to generation. It communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and occupations of the people of a region or country. Folk dancing belongs to the people. It emanates from them. Ethnic tribes have their specific tribal art forms originated and danced by the people of the tribe. Examples of folk dance are rural and country dances, jotas, mazurkas, pandanggos, among others with foreign influence. Examples of ethnic dance are the dances of the mountain peoples of the Cordilleras, dances of the ethnic groups in the Cagayan Valley Region, and the ethnic dances in the Mindanao Regions, among others. 01 Handout 1 *Property of STI Page 1 of 4  SH1689 B. Social and Ballroom The setting of the social and ballroom dance is a social gather with the more formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. Social and ballroom dancing are generally held in the evening. The participants are usually in formal attires. Examples of social and ballroom dance are cha-cha, fox trot, jitterbug, tango, samba, rumba, quickstep, Viennese waltz, jive, and paso doble. C. Recreational It includes dance mixes, square dance, round and couple dances. Many of these dances have simple patterns and combination of walking steps, two-step, polka step, and the waltz step. The setting of recreational dance is usually informal gatherings and parties, reunions, and the like. D. Creative It is the highest form of dance. It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation of movements as the dancer or the choreographer expresses his/her feelings or emotions, ideas, and interpretations. This is a dance with definite form, a beginning, and the ending. The principles of art form are all observed in the composition of the dance. This includes ballet, jazz, and modern or contemporary dance. V. Fundamental Dance Positions A. 1st Position Feet: Heels close together; toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees. Arms: Both raised forward in a circle in front of chest with fingertips about an inch. B. 2nd Position Feet: Astride sideward about pace or one (1) foot distance. Arms: Both raised sideward with a graceful curve at shoulder level. C. 3rd Position Feet: Heel of one (1) foot close to in-step of other foot. Arms: One (1) arm raised sideward as in 2nd position; other arm raised upward. D. 4th Position Feet: One foot in front of other foot of a pace distance. Arms: One arm raised in front as in 1st position; other arm raised over head. E. 5th Position Feet: Heel of front foot close to big toe of near foot. Arms: Both arms raised over head. 01 Handout 1 *Property of STI Page 2 of 4  SH1689 VI. Basic Natural Movements A. Locomotor movements refer to the movement of the body in space in any direction with the feet as the moving base. Walking: Moving at a moderate pace on feet, lifting one (1) foot only after the other has touched the floor or ground. Legs swing from the hips while the arms swing naturally. Running: Moving on foot with springing steps at a rapid pace such that for an instant both feet are off-ground during each step. Jumping: Springing and taking off with one (1) foot and landing on both feet. Hopping: Springing on one (1) foot and landing on the same foot. Skipping: Same procedure as hopping, but bouncing lightly with alternative steps and hops. Leaping: Springing on one (1) foot and landing on the other foot. Galloping: Moving in continuous forward or sideward direction with one (1) foot leading. Sliding: Gliding along the floor with either foot. B. Non-locomotor movements refer to the movement various parts of the body in space with a fixed base, which may be standing, kneeling, sitting, or lying. Flexion o Bending or shortening of a body part occurring at a joint o Half-knees bend o Full-knees bend o Trunk forward bend o Trunk sideward bend o Arms forward bend o Head forward bend o Head sideward bend o Elbow bend Extension o Turning, twisting, or circling o Head twist o Trunk twist Arm Shoulder Circling o Right arm circle forward o Left arm circle forward o Both arms circling Swing o Swaying arms forward, backward, or sideward o Arms swinging sideward o Arms swinging overhead o Body swaying right and left 01 Handout 1 *Property of STI Page 3 of 4  SH1689 Percussive o Striking and hitting; pushing and pulling o Arm strike with closed fist o Arm strike with open fist o Hit with one (1) hand o Hit with both hands o Push with one (1) arm; with both arms o Pull with one (1) arm; with both arms Vibratory o Shaking and beating o Shake arms and hands rhythmically o Shake hips and shoulders to rhythmic pattern o Vibrate entire body rhythmically Sustained o A slow, smooth flowing movement with a balance of movement throughout the entire series o Arm swinging continuously from side to side. o Arm moving laterally to right and left sides in continuous rhythmic pattern o Arm circle swing continuously Suspended o A sharp movement followed by a series of slow or prolonged movements until a peak is reached o Both arms circle swing three (3) or four (4) times counter clockwise and stop movement with arms diagonally forward and upward. References: Adin, C. & Minas, P. (2004). Dance education in the school curriculum. C.M. Recto, Manila: Rex Bookstore. Dimapilis, N., Espeso, L. & Isip, M.L. (2010). Physical education 2: Rhythmic activities. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Philippine dance education. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n- a/article.php?igm=1&i=121 The elements of dance. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://opd.mpls.k12.mn.us/the_elements_of_dance The philosophy of dance. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dance/ Tolentino, F.. (2006). Philippine national dances. Quezon City, Philippines: Kayumanggi Press, Inc. 01 Handout 1 *Property of STI Page 4 of 4