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COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW in PHILOSOPHY (Lessons 1-4)  PHILOSOPHY It is the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles that govern all things What is your premise? A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics...

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW in PHILOSOPHY (Lessons 1-4)  PHILOSOPHY It is the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles that govern all things What is your premise? A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics  Karma Hinduism's law of sowing and reaping  ETHICS Branch of Philosophy insists that obedience to moral law be given a rational foundation.  Knowledge It is the clear awareness and understanding of something.  Karl Jaspers He believes that persons engage in philosophy in order to make sense of difficult life experiences. THALES OF MILETUS He claims that everything we experience is water (“reality”) and everything else is “appearance.” Internal Questions These are questions that examine personal ideas regarding correctness and values. What is your first impression? A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics Hans-Georg Gadamer The German philosopher who argues that our tastes and judgments regarding beauty work in connection with one’s own.  Rationalist Advocates of deduction method.  Politics From the Greek word "Polis" which means affairs of city- states.  Partial Thinking It is a perspective that focuses on specific aspects of a situation.  Facts These statements which are observed to be real or truthful. What makes that thing a thing? A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics Principle of Identity Whatever is; whatever is not is not. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being.  Socrates He said: “I am the wisest man alive, for I know nothing, and that is I know nothing.” Deductive Reasoning From a GENERAL truth to a SPECIFIC truth.  Aesthetics It is closely related to the philosophy of art, which is concerned with the nature of art and the concepts in terms of which individual works of art are interpreted and evaluated. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois An African-American who wanted equal rights for the blacks.  Metaphysics Anything that occupies time and space. Principle of Sufficient Reason Nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being and existence.  Claims These statements which need to be examined to determine whether they are true or false.  Framework It refers to a way of thinking about the world and is made up of a person's views and beliefs.  Socrates He is a philosopher who once said: "An examined life is not worth living."  Dharma Law of Salvation mean in Gautama’s life  Pythagoras He coined the word philosophers to describe himself as a “lover of wisdom.”  Ethics The science of correct doing.  Aesthetics The philosophical study of beauty and taste.  Social Ecology In caring for environment, which calls for small-scale societies, which recognize that humanity is linked with the well- being of the natural world in which human life depends? Principle of Non-Contradiction It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time. How will I ever know I am wrong? A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics  Opinions These are comprised of statements that provide views on a certain matter.  Logic Branch of Philosophy wherein reasoning is the concern. Principle of Excluded Middle A thing is either is or is not; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible.  Ethics Is the faculty of moral principles and values that help us think critically, and understand moral dilemmas, ethical decisions, and personal codes of conduct and decision-making.  Socrates A Philosopher once said: “To be happy is to live a virtuous life.”  Rational School The main source of knowledge is deductive reasoning.  Human freedom, soul. A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics  Nirvana The way to salvation lies through self-abnegation, rigid discipline of mind and body, a consuming love for all living creatures, and the final achievement of that state of consciousness which marks an individual’s full preparation for entering the enlightened wisdom of complete selflessness.  Metaphysics It is the study of reality and existence. It studies what we are and what our purpose is.  Reflection It is an activity that requires a person to examine his or her thoughts, feelings, and actions and learn from experience.  Conclusion This is a judgment based on certain facts.  Metaphysics Is an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real Anthropocentric Model A concept or view represents humans are superior and central to the universe  Science It is an organized body of knowledge.  Empirical School The source of knowledge is Sense-perception. How do we know something is true or false? A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics  Thales of Miletus Was the first individual who tried to reduce that multiplicity into a unity; everything is connected.  Epistemology Signifies knowledge, truth  Wonder The Greek Philosopher Plato believes that philosophy is brought by man's sense of _______________.  Explanations These are statements that assume a claim is true and provide reasons to support them.  Study of All Things It makes philosophy distinct from other sciences because it is not one-dimensional or partial.  Is time infinite? A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics  Criticism A process of commenting or giving a judgment, even if it’s positive or negative.  Sophia What Greek word defines 'wisdom' in Philosophy?  Basis Word distinguishes both Validity and Truth, Genuine and Essential ideals  Wander In defining Philosophy, what is a walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way  Is that a fallacy? A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics  Aesthetics The science of the beautiful in its various manifestations – including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly  Zeno The Stoic philosopher who coined the word, Logic  Metaphysics An extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real  Argument This is a series of statements that provide reasons to convince a person that a claim or opinion is truthful.  Western Version A version applies logic, use of consciousness and always manifests diversity Loob: Holistic and Interior Dimension Shows sharing of one’s self to others wherein interiority manifests itself to freedom Why do you feel what you feel? A. Aesthetics C. Logic B. Epistemology D. Metaphysics  Eastern Version A comprehensive outlook in life when cyclic in life, unity, philosophy is a religion, and revert to extra logical are being practiced Filipino Philosophy of Time What Filipino Thinking this quotation, “A human being is like a bird who flies up and goes down” To do good and avoid evil. A. Epistemology C. Logic B. Ethics D. Metaphysics  Loneliness The following is our choice to live in an impossible world where we are always “happy” or to accept a life where solitude and companionship have a part  Samsara The meaning of continuous cycle in Hinduism  Fallacies These are arguments based on faulty reasoning. Siddhartha Gautama Who set the “Four Noble Truths”  Atman The meaning of real self in Hinduism?  Doubt Rene Descartes considers this as a reason why people philosophize.  Hinduism Transcendental Philosophy conveys "the idea of human beings’ quest for absolute truth, so that one’s soul and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute Soul) might become one  Love of Wisdom The Greek term for Philosophy, philosophia, means _______________.  Beliefs These are statements that express convictions that are not easily explained by facts.  Vidya True knowledge consists an understanding and realization of the individual’s real self as opposed to lower knowledge that is limited to an interpretation of reality based solely on the data offered by sense experience. What do the underlined words mean in Hinduism  Failure Forces us to confront our weaknesses and limitations and to surrender to a mystery or look upon a bigger world  Interpretation A word that means the demonstration of ideas.  Biases These are tendencies or influences that affect the views of people.  Ancient Thinkers Regarded "nature" as spatially without boundaries, that is, as infinite or indefinite in extent.  Deep Ecology Encourages humanity to shift away from anthropocentrism to ecocentrism