Inference Presentation PDF

INFERENCE PRESENTED BY: GROUP 5 WHAT IS INFERENCE? Inference is the process of drawing conclusions based on available evidence or information. It's about figuring out what you don't know by using what you already know.  We utilize inference all the time in our daily lives: READING...

INFERENCE PRESENTED BY: GROUP 5 WHAT IS INFERENCE? Inference is the process of drawing conclusions based on available evidence or information. It's about figuring out what you don't know by using what you already know.  We utilize inference all the time in our daily lives: READING PROBLEM-SOLVING Using context and Using the facts at hand, past knowledge, we we employ inference to infer the meaning of find possible answers to words and phrases. issues. DECISION MAKING We base our decisions on assumptions about the probable results of various options.  MAKING INFERENCES  5 STEPS OF MAKING INFERENCE 1. Read the text 2. Ask the question 3. List related details 4. Look for patterns or relationships 5. Determine what they mean. MAKING INFERENCE WHAT I READ/SAW + WHAT I KNOW MY INFERENCE  EXAMPLE Shane, a second-year student, recently transferred to Olivarez College. Now, Shane will take her first subject of the day. Soon after her first subject, her companions found her with a bag of wet clothes and a soiled towel, and her hair was wet and reeked of chlorine.  KINDS OF INFERENCE  DEDUCTIVE Deductive reasoning is the method by which we start with general premises and work our way down to a specific and particular logical conclusion.  INDUCTIVE Inductive reasoning begins with certain data or observations and uses them to make a general inference. The conclusion is probably correct, but it's not certain.  ABDUCTIVE Abductive reasoning seeks for the most plausible and straightforward explanation for that finding. It's about coming up with hypotheses.  LOGICAL AND TYPES OF OPPOSITION  LOGICAL OPPOSITION refers to the connection between two propositions or assertions that cannot both be true at the same time. CONTRADICTION If two statements cannot both be true and both be false, then they are contradictory. For instance, the assertions "The sky is blue" and "The sky is not blue" are contradictory. CONTRARIETY fortunately two propositions can both be untrue, they are considered opposite if they cannot both be true. For instance, the assertions "No cats are black" and "All cats are black" are in opposition to one another. Some cats might be black, while others might not be. SUBCONTRARIETY If two statements can both be true but not both untrue, they are subcontrary. As an illustration, the sentences "Some cats are black" and "Some cats are not black" are subcontrary. Since some cats must be either black or not, it is impossible for both to be untrue. SUBALTERNATION If the truth of the first proposition suggests the truth of the second, then the two propositions are subaltern; nevertheless, the truth of the second proposition does not entail the truth of the first. For instance, the sentences "Some cats are mammals" and "All cats are mammals" are subaltern. Some cats must be mammals if all cats are mammals. However, this does not imply that all cats are mammals, even though some of them are.  THANK YOU FOR LISTENING. TARA QUIZ 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.)