Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of making inferences?
What is the main purpose of making inferences?
- To memorize facts without understanding
- To avoid thinking critically
- To repeat information verbatim
- To draw conclusions based on evidence (correct)
Which of the following best describes deductive reasoning?
Which of the following best describes deductive reasoning?
- Focuses on developing a hypothesis based on intuition
- Begins with specific observations to form broader conclusions
- Involves guessing possible outcomes without evidence
- Starts with general premises to reach a specific conclusion (correct)
Which step is NOT part of the process of making an inference?
Which step is NOT part of the process of making an inference?
- Ignoring related details (correct)
- Reading the text
- Looking for patterns or relationships
- Asking the question
What type of reasoning seeks the most plausible explanation for a finding?
What type of reasoning seeks the most plausible explanation for a finding?
What is the relationship between logical opposition and contradiction?
What is the relationship between logical opposition and contradiction?
Which describes subcontrariety?
Which describes subcontrariety?
In making an inference, what is primarily used alongside what you read?
In making an inference, what is primarily used alongside what you read?
Which of the following represents inductive reasoning?
Which of the following represents inductive reasoning?
Inference is the process of drawing conclusions based on available ______ or information.
Inference is the process of drawing conclusions based on available ______ or information.
Using context and past knowledge, we infer the meaning of words and ______.
Using context and past knowledge, we infer the meaning of words and ______.
Deductive reasoning starts with general premises and works down to a specific ______ conclusion.
Deductive reasoning starts with general premises and works down to a specific ______ conclusion.
Inductive reasoning begins with certain data or observations and uses them to make a ______ inference.
Inductive reasoning begins with certain data or observations and uses them to make a ______ inference.
Logical opposition refers to the connection between two propositions that cannot both be ______ at the same time.
Logical opposition refers to the connection between two propositions that cannot both be ______ at the same time.
If two statements can both be true but not both ______, they are considered subcontrary.
If two statements can both be true but not both ______, they are considered subcontrary.
Abductive reasoning seeks the most plausible and straightforward ______ for a finding.
Abductive reasoning seeks the most plausible and straightforward ______ for a finding.
In making an inference, we combine what I ______ and what I know to form our conclusion.
In making an inference, we combine what I ______ and what I know to form our conclusion.
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Inference
- Inference is the process of drawing conclusions based on available evidence or information.
- It's about figuring out what you don't know by using what you already know.
- Inference is used in daily life for reading, problem-solving, decision-making.
Making Inference
-
There are 5 steps to making an inference:
- Read the text
- Ask a question
- List related details
- Look for patterns or relationships
- Determine what they mean.
-
Inference is basically a combination of what you read/saw + what you know = your inference
Kinds of Inference
- Deductive reasoning - Starts with general premises and works its way down to a specific and particular logical conclusion.
- Inductive reasoning - Begins with certain data or observations and uses them to make a general inference. The conclusion is probably correct, but not certain.
- Abductive reasoning - Seeks for the most plausible and straightforward explanation for a finding.
Logical Opposition
- Logical opposition refers to the connection between two propositions or assertions that cannot both be true at the same time.
Types of Opposition
- Contradiction - Two statements cannot both be true and both be false
- "The sky is blue" and "The sky is not blue" are contradictory.
- Contrariety - Two propositions can both be untrue, but they cannot both be true.
- "No cats are black" and "All cats are black" are contrary.
- Subcontrariety - Two statements can both be true but not both untrue.
- "Some cats are black" and "Some cats are not black" are subcontrary.
Inference
- Inference is the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence or information.
- It's about figuring out what you don't know by using what you already know.
- We use inference in various situations, including reading, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Five Steps of Making Inference
- Read the text carefully.
- Ask the question you want to answer.
- List related details from the text.
- Look for patterns or relationships among the details.
- Determine what the patterns or relationships mean and draw a conclusion.
Kinds of Inference
- Deductive reasoning: Start with general premises and work towards a specific conclusion.
- Inductive Reasoning: Start with specific observations or data and make a general inference.
- Abductive reasoning: Seek the most plausible explanation for a finding.
Logical Opposition
- Logical opposition is about the relationship between two propositions that cannot both be true simultaneously.
- Contradiction: Two statements that cannot be both true and both false. Example: "The sky is blue" and "The sky is not blue".
- Contrariety: Two propositions that cannot both be true but can both be false. Example: "No cats are black" and "All cats are black."
- Subcontrariety: Two propositions that can both be true but cannot both be false. Example: "Some cats are black" and "Some cats are not black."
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
