WWI Study Guide (A.S.) PDF

Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/986825461/wwi-study-guide-american-studies-flash-cards/?new Muckrakers Journalists who exposed corruption, poor labor conditions, and societal issues Fueled Progressive Era reforms by raising public awareness and pressuring politicians to act negatively...

Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/986825461/wwi-study-guide-american-studies-flash-cards/?new Muckrakers Journalists who exposed corruption, poor labor conditions, and societal issues Fueled Progressive Era reforms by raising public awareness and pressuring politicians to act negatively Scooping muck and raking it Roosevelt is pissed bc he doesn't want them to focus on the negative, balance the positive and Square Deal Aggressive reforms, everybody gets something out of it ○ Monopolies: labor/unions, consumer protection, environmental concerns, expanded democracies ○ Getting involved to get solutions for all nations ○ The Jungle: exposing disgusting conditions in the meatpacking industry Establishes secret ballot to decrease intimidation (what we do now) Teddy Roosevelt 1st Term: 2nd term: ○ Dynamic energy key of his character - republicans are annoyed ○ First president since Lincoln to use the full power of the executive branch ○ Establishes Square Deal Return: ○ Part of new nationalism Tariff review Strict regulations on large corporations Greater protection for women and children in the industry Direct improvement in democracy Runs in 3rd party as Bull-Moose party, because Taft is doing so bad William Howard Taft TR didn’t want to run for 3rd term (following in the steps of George Washington) ○ TR endorses Taft, the only reason he wins Constant disagreements with Congress and other progressives Known for getting stuck in his bathtub ○ Shows his little accomplishments/differences - failure of a president Does break up trusts and monopolies Didn’t live up to Roosevelt and other’s expectations ○ Roosevelts ends up running again as third party What splits up Republicans Maintained some progressive reforms Dollar diplomacy Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/986825461/wwi-study-guide-american-studies-flash-cards/?new ○ Use money to get what you want Woodrow Wilson “New Freedom” reform platform ○ Traditional Clean, rethink, and restore Washington Federal Reserve Act (1913) Breakup of monopolies - all 3 are progressive (parties) Foreign policy blocked up by WWI Election of 1912 Republicans: Taft ○ Supported by conservatives Democrats: Woodrow Wilson (wins) Bull-moose: Roosevelt Leads to shifts between Republicans and Democrats ○ Solidified by the Great Depression Progress4ive (Bull Moose) Party Supported by progressive Republicans Eads to shift between Republicans and Democrats Clayton Anti-Trust Act Strengthened antitrust laws by defining illegal businesses (monopolies) Protected labor union Empower fair competition and labor rights Federal Reserve Act Created the Federal Reserve System to stabilize the banking system Established a central bank to ensure economic stability 12 regional banks across the country Sixteenth Amendment Dealing with income tax (1913) Meat Inspection Act Required federal inspection of meatpacking plants to ensure sanitary conditions Protected public health and consumer confidence in products Pure Food and Drug Act Prohibited sale of mislabeled food and drugs Pioneered federal regulations to safeguard consumer's safety Initiative Citizens propose laws Referendum Citizens vote directly on laws Recall Voters can remove officals Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/986825461/wwi-study-guide-american-studies-flash-cards/?new Secret Ballot Votes are private (what we have today) Seventeenth Amendment Direct election of senators (1913) ○ No longer just chosen by state legislatures, the people vote Eighteenth Amendment Prohibition (1919) ○ The only amendment to be repealed: alcohol is illegal Nineteenth Amendment Women's suffrage (1920) Booker T. Washington Advocated for vocational education and economic self-reliance for African Americans to achieve equality Represented a pragmatic approach to racial progress in the Jim Crow era Get better at skills to get better jobs W.E.B. Du Bois Advocated for immediate civil rights, higher education, and political activism for African Americans Co-founded the NAACP, laying the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement ○ National Council for African Americans Isolationism, expansionism, imperialism, intervention Isolationism: Avoiding Foreign Alliances Expansionism: extending U.S. territory or influence Imperialism: dominating foreign nations economically or politically Intervention: actively engaging in foreign conflicts Shapes U.S. foreign policy and actions from the Spanish-American War to WWI Yellow journalism Sensationalized news used to sway public opinion, especially during the Spanish-American War Accelerated propaganda Could make up stories or make stories more excited Influenced public support for U.S. imperialism Spanish-American War The war lasted only 4 months and marked the closing of the American frontier, driving a push for new markets, land, and resources. The U.S. sought to assert itself as a global power and had a longstanding interest in Cuba. Cuban rebels destroyed sugar plantations, prompting increased U.S. attention. President McKinley's electoral platform emphasized protecting American businesses and freeing the Cuban people. Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/986825461/wwi-study-guide-american-studies-flash-cards/?new Talks aimed at liberating Cuba from Spanish control were underway. Sensationalized and fabricated stories in newspapers fueled public outrage against Spain. The explosion of the USS Maine was immediately blamed on Spain, intensifying calls for war. The U.S. declared war even though Spain had already agreed to free Cuba Roosevelt joined the war, leading the Rough Riders—a volunteer cavalry of eager Westerners—and gained national fame. The war resulted in significant territorial acquisitions for the U.S. Teller and Platt Amendments: ○ Teller Amendment: Prevented the U.S. from annexing Cuba after the war. ○ Platt Amendment: Allowed U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs when necessary Roosevelt Corollary Strengthened U.S. authority in Latin America and reinforced the Monroe Doctrine “Walked softly carry big sticks” ○ Stay on your side of the hemisphere and we’ll stay on ours Panama Canal A man-made waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans finished in 1914 Boosted U.S. economic and military power by facilitating global trade and naval mobility Significant through trade Sussex Pledge 1916 Germany promised to limit unrestricted submarine warfare to avoid US entry into WWI Delayed US involvement but went against word anyway Reasons for entry into WWI Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman telegram Economic ties to Allies Marked a shift in US foreign policy from isolationism to global involvement Committee on Public Information (pro-war propaganda) US government agency tasked with promoting pro-war propaganda Shaped public opinion and mobilized support for the war effort Romanticized war Espionage Act and Sedition Act Espionage Act Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/986825461/wwi-study-guide-american-studies-flash-cards/?new ○ Of war countries descent, they could investigate you ○ Spoken, written, protesting Sedition Act: ○ Laws restricting anti-war speech and dissent during WWI ○ Sparked debates over civil liberties ○ IN WRITING ○ If you're against war or not helping your kill Propaganda Media and messaging used to rally support for WWI League of Nations + Treaty of Versailles Needs to be approved ○ Wilson vs. Republicans: Republicans controlled the Senate (majority) Divided government ○ League of Nations ○ controversial, not popular among Republicans Mainly: provision stated an attack on one was an attack on all Wilson goes on a speaking tour to speak directly to Americans about the league ○ Has a stroke, wife Edith is basically the interim president for the rest of the term League loses a lot of momentum once the speaking tour has stopped Republican Harding won the 1920 election ○ Against the League of Nations ○ America’s idea but America doesn’t join Enter a period of isolationism, because American people are shell-shocked so they do not want to ally with any nations, so they do not join the League of Nations The US didn’t sign the Treaty of Versailles but helped negotiate Postwar Power Victims: more than 37 million people Millions more die from the influenza epidemic (flu) Many never recover from the horrors of combat The U.S. gains a level of power and influence over Europe International power shifts from the Old World to the New World Postwar Difficulties Economic instability Labor strikes Racial tensions Red Scare after WWI ○ Scared communists were living among us Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/986825461/wwi-study-guide-american-studies-flash-cards/?new Direct Democracy Reminder Secret ballot initiatives/referendums - vote on law, bill, action ○ Referendums - something on the ballot for people to vote on ○ Initiatives - a certain percentage of citizens want a bill voted on (ex. People vote to put a vote for having a dog park in Weston) Recall ○ Votes can force an official to run for reelection at any time ○ By petition Why is Era so progressive? 4 amendments in 7 years Progress, lasting changes, not perfect