US History II Semester 1 Study Guide PDF

US History II Semester 1 Study Guide Unit One: A New Industrial Age Chapter 16: America’s Gilded Age, 1870-1890 Key Terms trusts vertical integration horizontal integration...

US History II Semester 1 Study Guide Unit One: A New Industrial Age Chapter 16: America’s Gilded Age, 1870-1890 Key Terms trusts vertical integration horizontal integration robber barons the Gilded Age Social Darwinism Great Railroad Strike Knights of Labor single tax Social Gospel Haymarket affair bonanza farms Dawes Act Battle of Little Bighorn Ghost Dance Wounded Knee Massacre gold standard Civil Service Act of 1883 Interstate Commerce Commission Sherman Antitrust Act Review Questions 1. The American economy thrived because of federal involvement, not the lack of it. How did the federal government actively promote industrial and agricultural development in this period? 2. Why were railroads so important to America’s second industrial revolution? What events demonstrate their influence on society and politics as well as the economy? 3. Why did organized efforts of farmers, workers, and local reformers largely fail to achieve substantive change in the Gilded Age? 4. In what ways did the West provide a “safety valve” for the problems in the industrial East? In what ways did it reveal some of the same problems? 5. How did American political leaders seek to remake Native Americans and change the ways they lived? Unit One: A New Industrial Age Chapter 17: Freedom’s Boundaries, At Home and Abroad, 1890-1900 Key Terms Populists Coxey’s Army American Federation of Labor New South Kansas Exodus Atlanta Compromise grandfather clause disenfranchisement Plessy v. Ferguson “Separate but equal” lynching the Lost Cause new immigrants Chinese Exclusion Act Immigration Restriction League yellow press U.S.S Maine Platt Amendment Open Door Policy Philippine War Insular Cases Anti-Imperialist League Review Questions 1. What economic and political issues gave rise to the Populist Party, and what changes did the party advocate? 2. How did employers use state and federal forces to protect their own economic interests, and what were the results? 3. Who were the Redeemers, and how did they change society and politics in the New South? 4. Explain how changes in politics, economics, social factors, and violence interacted to affect the situation of African Americans in the New South. 5. How did religion and the idea of the Lost Cause give support to a new understanding of the Civil War? 6. What ideas and interests motivated the United States to create an empire in the late nineteenth century? 1  US History II Semester 1 Study Guide 7. Compare the arguments for and against U.S. imperialism. Unit Two: America Becomes a World Power Chapter 18: The Progressive Era Key Terms Progressivism muckraking Ellis Island Fordism Scientific management Socialist Party IWW collective bargaining Birth-control movement initiative Recall Referendum settlement house maternalist reforms Muller v. Oregon Pure Food and Drug Act Conservation movement Sixteenth Amendment Progressive Party New Freedom New Nationalism Seventeenth Amendment Federal Trade Commission Review Questions 1. Identify the main groups and ideas that drove the Progressive movement. 2. Explain how immigration to the United States in this period was part of a global movement of peoples. 3. Describe how Fordism transformed American industrial and consumer society. 4. Socialism was a rising force across the globe in the early twentieth century. How successful was the movement in the United States? 5. How did immigrants adjust to life in America? What institutions or activities became important to their adjustment, and why? 6. How did each Progressive-era president view the role of the federal government? Unit Two: America Becomes a World Power Chapter 19: Safe for Democracy: The United States and World War I Key Terms Liberal internationalism Panama Canal Zone Roosevelt Corollary Dollar Diplomacy Moral imperialism Lusitania Fourteen Points Selective Service Act War Industries Board Eighteenth Amendment Espionage Act Sedition Act Eugenics NAACP Great Migration Tulsa Massacre Marcus Garvey Red Scare of 1919-1920 Versailles Treaty League of Nations Review Questions 1. Explain the role of the United States in the global economy by 1920. 2. What did President Wilson mean by “moral imperialism,” and what measures were taken to apply this to Latin America? 3. How did the ratification of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments show the restrictive and democratizing nature of Progressivism? 4. What were the goals and methods of the Committee on Public Information during World War I? 2  US History II Semester 1 Study Guide 5. What are governmental and private examples of coercive patriotism during the war? What were the effects of those efforts? Unit Three: America in Depression & War Chapter 20: From Business Culture to Great Depression-The Twenties Key Terms Sacco-Vanzetti Case Equal Rights Amendment Flapper Adkins v. Children’s Hospital Olmstead v. U.S. Teapot Dome Lost Generation American Civil Liberties Union Schenck v. United States Fundamentalism Scopes Trial Illegal Alien Indian Citizenship Act Harlem Renaissance Wickersham Commission Great Depression Stock Market Crash Smoot-Hawley Tariff Reconstruction Finance Corporation Review Questions 1. How did consumerism and the idea of the “American way of life” affect people’s understanding of American cultures, including the meaning of freedom, in the 1920s? 2. Which groups did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s and why? 3. How did business practices and policies lead to a decline in union membership in the 1920s reflect this understanding of the importance of business interests? 4. Who supported restricting immigration in the 1920s and why? Why were they more successful in gaining federal legislation to limit immigration in these years? 5. Identify the causes of the Great Depression. 6. What issues were of particular concern to fundamentalists in these years and why? Unit Three: America in Depression & War Chapter 21: The New Deal Key Terms New Deal Repeal Emergency Banking Act National Industrial Recovery (NRA) Sit-Down Strike Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Public Works Administration (PWA) Hundred Days Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Dust Bowl Federal Housing Administration Congress of Industrial Organization Wagner Act Share Our Wealth Movement Works Progress Administration (WPA) Social Security Act Welfare State Court Packing Indian New Deal Popular Front Scottsboro Case House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Review Questions 1. What actions did President Roosevelt and Congress take to help the banking system recover as well as to reform how it operated in the long run? 2. How did the actions of the AAA benefit many farmers, injure others, and provoke attacks by conservatives? 3. How did the emphasis of the Second New Deal differ from that of the First New Deal? 3  US History II Semester 1 Study Guide 4. Explain how New Deal programs contributed to the stigma of Blacks as welfare-dependent. Short Essay Questions You will get one of the following questions on your semester exam. 1. Mark Twain coined the term “Gilded Age” to describe the decades of the 1890s and 1900s. Despite the economic and technical achievements of the United States, Twain suggested the United States was really cheap and flawed at its core. Do you agree with Twain’s assertions or do you believe that his claim was too extreme? Use historical examples to support your ideas. 2. “From colonial times onward, American history has been marked more by division than by unity.” Is this statement true for the period 1900 to 1929? What factors united Americans? What factors were more divisive? 3. One continual theme of this class has been the idea of progress. How much did America “progress” in the Progressive Era? Use historical examples to support your ideas. 4. Explain how the U.S. foreign policy moved from a preference for non-involvement in international conflicts to actively engaging in global affairs, particularly in response to events leading up to and following WWI. 5. The novelist Jack London wrote: “Never in the history of the world was society in so terrific flux [continuous change] as it is right now.” How did the United States change between 1914 and 1935? 4