APUSH Outline 20 (1) PDF - Foreign Policy and War

Foreign Policy and War in a Progressive Era 1890 - 1919 Alaska Main Idea - The United States bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 but it took more than 2 decades because the United States actually did something in the territory. Supporting Sentences - Russia controlled Alaska in the 1700s and mainly...

Foreign Policy and War in a Progressive Era 1890 - 1919 Alaska Main Idea - The United States bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 but it took more than 2 decades because the United States actually did something in the territory. Supporting Sentences - Russia controlled Alaska in the 1700s and mainly used it for fur trading but they faced bad climate, British threat, and Native Alaskans attacks causing them to put up Alaska for money. The United States and Russia were good allies so Russia thought it was a good idea to sell Alaska to the United States and the US bought it for $7.2 million. Many people in the US thought that buying land with just ice and no value was a waste of money. Alaska later became so much more valuable because of the fish, the mines, and the gold rush in the late 1800s. The United States set up a government for Alaska in 1884 but it took them more than 20 years to make it a territory in 1912. Key Terms - Non Hawaii Main Idea - The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 after years of influence over the islands. Supporting Sentences - First, James Cook, a british explorer arrives in Hawaii in 1778 and introduced a european disease which caused many Native Hawaiians deaths. Hawaii was seen as a really good place to trade because it was in between the United States West Coast and Japan. In the 1800s, American Businessmen and missionaries started having a strong presence in Hawaii with a lot of things, especially sugar plantations. King Kalakaua was the leader of Hawaii but then he died causing Queen Liliuokalani to take the crown. American Planters went against Queen Liliuokalani by getting support from the United States Navy to take control of Hawaii. President Cleveland opposed annexation because he thought that it was illegal and bad to do this. After President Mckinley won the presidency, he wanted to annex Hawaii and to make the US military more powerful in the pacific. Hawaii became a United States territory in 1993 and then the United States government proceeded to apologize for overthrowing the queen in 1993. Key Terms - Non Tensions in Cuba Main Idea - The Spanish American War started when there were problems in Cuba with Spain, where the United States supported Cuban independence from Spain. Supporting Sentences - The reason the United States was interested in Cuba was because of the sugar trade and investments. Cuban revolutionaries were led by Jose Marti, who fought against Spanish rule. Yellow Journalism in America are newspapers that exaggerated the actions of Spanish towards the Cubans in Cuba to fight for Cuban independence. While Cubans were happy that America was supporting their independence, they were also scared that America was going to take advantage of the situation and after kicking out the Spanish they were going to take over Cuba. The war got more and more when the Spanish were arguing with the Americans about the future of Cuba. Key Terms - Non War in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands Main Idea - The Spanish American War led to the United States having control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, and finally the Philippines. ​ Supporting Sentences - The USS Maine ship exploded in Cuba with American people in it causing people in America to think that Spain was the reason. The United States started a war with Cuba because of this situation with the Maine ship but when the soldiers arrived in Cuba to fight they were wearing bad clothing according to the hot Caribbean weather but they still won some important battles like the capture of San Juan Hill. The United States then proceeded to go to the Philippines because they were getting ruled by the Spanish so the US went there and won that battle getting control over the islands. The United States also went to Puerto Rico because Spain was there too and destroyed them in a fight and got control over Puerto Rico as well. The United States was in control over Cuba but the US said that they could eventually get their independence. This war allowed the US to get an overseas empire and new world power. Key Terms - Non The Anti - Imperialists Main Idea - The United States took control of the Philippines after the Spanish American War but many people were opposing the control. Supporting Sentences - The Filipinos didn’t want the United States to control them and wanted Independence so they started fighting against United States rule. Anti-Imperialists in the United States were opposing the United States taking control of the Philippines and they thought this was really wrong, they wanted the United States to leave them and let them have their independence. On top of that the supreme court said that a territory of the United States does not have to be given the same rights as US citizens (Insular Case). Roosevelt won the presidency and he didn’t focus on the Philippines that much but he focused more on other issues after the war ended. Key Terms - THe Constitution follows the flag means that US laws and rights should apply to all territories under US control. A Canal in Panama Main Idea - The United States built the Panama Canal to shorten the time of travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean giving the United States more recognition. Supporting Sentences - In 1901 the United States got exclusive rights from Britain to build a canal in Central America. There were two possible routes for the canal to pass through Nicaragua or the canal can pass through Panama (part of columbia) and Roosevelt preferred that. In 1903, Panama fought for its independence with Columbia and America supported Panama. The United States Signed a treaty with Panama, which gave them control over a 10 mile canal zone. The canal was completed in 1914 and helped a lot by speeding up the traveling of ships and trade. Key Terms - The Roosevelt Corollary was a policy stating that the United States had the right to intervene in Latin American countries if they could not manage their own affairs. The United States, Russia, Japan, and China Main Idea - The United States was involved in diplomacy and international conflicts in the early 1900s with China, Japan, and Russia. Supporting Sentences - Japan and Russia were fighting over Manchuria and Korea, Japan was winning many battles but was also getting tried so Japan called President Roosevelt/America to help mediate the peace and he did mediate the peace between Japan and Russia during the war in 1904-1905, this was successful and won Roosevelt a Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. Then in San Francisco, Japanese students in schools were being segregated and Japan was mad at this so Roosevelt negotiated an agreement to limit Japanese immigrants called the Gentlemen's agreement. The Boxer Rebellion led to China to have anti-American protests which then led to a boycott of US goods in 1905. Roosevelt used the tensions with Japan to make the US Navy better and send the Great White Fleet around the world. (16 battleships). Key Terms - The Gentlemen’s Agreement was an informal deal between the US and Japan limited emigration to the US and the US stopped segregating Japanese students in San Francisco. The Great White Fleet was a group of 16 US battleships sent on a world tour by president Roosevelt in 1907 to show American naval power. Woodrow Wilson’s Asian Policy Main Idea - During Woodrow Wilson presidency, the discriminatory laws against Japanese in California rose tension with Japan and the United States tried to help China and give independence to the Philippines. Supporting Sentences - Wilson took out the loan to China that would have let China build a rail line in China to help from future problems with Japan because he thought it would undermine the independence of China. The tensions with Japan grew because of the discrimination laws against Japanese or anti-Japanese in California. Woodrow Wilson and his secretary of state, William Jennings Bryan tried to lower the tensions but they failed. Wilson also has to deal with the Philippines and he said he will give them independence but they don't get it until after WW2. Key Terms - Dollar Diplomacy was president Taft’s Policy of encouraging American businesses to invest in foreign countries to increase US influence. Mexico and Latin America Main Idea - Woodrow Wilson didn’t want to involve America into Mexican Wars but he was forced too because of the political instability. Supporting Sentences - Woodrow Wilson wanted to stay out of Mexican wars but when General Huerta killed president Mandero and Huertas presidency caused instability in Mexico which threatened America investments and the American citizens in Mexico. This is why Woodrow Wilson got involved and Wilson didn’t like General Huerta’s government because he took power by force. Wilson supported a revolution which was led by Venustiano Carranza and he in fact sent US troops to Veracruz Mexico to stop the supply of weapons from Europe to reach Huerta. The Mexicans attacked back at the US troops which was unexpected. This led to Huerta resigning office and this angered even more Mexicans because they thought it violated their sovereignty and they also thought that the US was looking at the Mexicans like they are not capable of solving their own political issues. Then Pancho Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico, which then made Wilson send 10,000 troops to capture him but they all failed with much better equipment then the Mexicans. Even though Wilson did not want to get involved he sent more troops to Latin American countries to maintain control. Key Terms - Non War in Europe Main Idea - World War 1 started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand got killed and the United States wanted to be neutral but problems with Germany led the United States to join the war in 1917. Supporting Sentences - Europe was in absolute shambles because Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were the central powers that went against Britain, France, and Russia who were the allies of America. First Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare against neutral ships like Lusitania which had Americans in it angered America. Woodrow Wilson didn’t want to go to war right away even after the ship's incident. But where America really got mad was when the interception of Zimmermann Telegram, which showed Germany’s plan to become allies with Mexico and it tells Mexico to attack America and if it does that Germany was going to help Mexico get its land back from the United States. This made many people mad causing Woodrow Wilson the president to ask congress for a declaration of war against Germany and in 1917 they were officially in the war. Key Terms - Non The War at Home –Support and Opposition Main Idea - There were a lot of people that opposed the war in the United States but the government decided to use propaganda and legal actions to gain support for the war and stop the opposition. Supporting Sentences - Many people like the senators and congressmen and Jeannette Rankin (Only congresswomen at time) opposed the war and thought that the involvement of the United States in the war was because of economic interests. President Wilson said that the war was a fight for democracy and global peace. The committee on public information also known as CPI used propaganda to make people more encouraged and support the war. Then people were still opposing so the government decided to pass laws called the Espionage and Sedition Acts to limit freedom of speech and people that did speak like activist Eugene V. Debs, the law was passed they were arrested and put in jail for some years. American Protective League also known as APL were people who targeted suspected traitors. Many innocent German Americans faced discrimination because of the war. Even though the government was scaring everyone but not Jane Addams because she still continued to oppose the war. Key Terms - Committee on Public Information (CPI) is a US government agency created during World War I to spread propaganda and gain public support for the war. The Sedition Act (1918) is a law that made it illegal to criticize the US government, military, or war effort during World War I. Espionage Act (1917) is a law that punished people for spying, interfering with the military, or speaking against the war effort. War and Victory Main Idea - The United States helped the Allies win while they were almost losing in World War 1 by sending 1000s of troops and supplies. Supporting Sentences - Wilson wanted the United States to fully be involved in the war because of what Germany did. General Pershing led the American troops to Europe to fight. The United States was not getting a lot of volunteering soldiers so they drafted and trained the soldiers. Before the United States was helping the allies were going to lose but the US came in clutch. Russia left the war which helped Germany even more. The US troops finally came in 1918 and helped stop Germany. Germany surrendered on November 11, 1918. Key Terms - Non Peace Talks, and the Failure of the Treaty of Versailles Main Idea - The treaty of Versailles ended World War 1 but also caused many other problems. Supporting Sentences - Woodrow Willson didn’t want any more problems and created the League of Nations. The treaty punished Germany but made it pay for the war and limited its military. Many people like Africans and Asians were not happy about the treaty's results. The United States didn’t join the League of Nations, which hurt the dreams of peace of Woodrow Wilson. This treaty left Europe with many many other problems. Key Terms - Fourteen Points were President Wilson’s plan to create peace after World War 1 and prevent future wars.