WEEK 1 - Historical Antecedents PDF

Discuss the interactions between S&T and society throughout history. Discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society and the environment.  The word science has been derived from a Latin word "Scientia" which means knowledge. A process used to solve problems or develop...

Discuss the interactions between S&T and society throughout history. Discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society and the environment.  The word science has been derived from a Latin word "Scientia" which means knowledge. A process used to solve problems or develop an understanding of nature that involves testing possible answers. A system of acquiring knowledge based on Scientific Method.  A process used to solve problems or develop an understanding of nature that involves testing possible answers. A system of acquiring knowledge based on Scientific Method.  The word technology came from the two Greek words "techne" and logos which means skill, craftmanship, art, or the way, manner, or means by which a thing is gained. It refers to the methods, systems, and devices which are the results of scientific knowledge being used for practical purpose.  The word society came from the Latin word “societas" which means a friendly association with others. A large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done. A group of individual which is characterized by common interest and may have distinctive culture and institutions.  interdisciplinary field examines and reflects on science and technology's impacts Tilapia Sex Reversal Technology by Dr. Rafael Guerrero  Developed by Dr. Rafael Guerrero III, a renowned Filipino aquaculturist. This technology involves altering the sex of tilapia to produce primarily male fish, which grow faster and more efficiently than their female counterparts. The hormones employed in this sex-reversal process is methyltestosterone, a synthetic form of the male hormone testosterone.  opportunity to compare science, technology, and society with each other Kevin Ashton’s RFID appreciate how science and Tags on Lipstick technology contribute to the latest packaging knowledge/information construction  RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) are small electronic devices that use radio waves to transmit information to a reader. RFID tags are embedded in the lipsticks packaging to track and manage inventory. The lipstick shade is “brown” that led to the installation of RFID tags in packaging.  Risk assessment and promotion of research-based solutions  The DENR initiated a project to use crushed dolomite sand to rehabilitate parts of Manila Bay’s coastline. The dolomite sand used in the Manila Bay rehabilitation project primarily came from Cebu Province. What hormones were given to tilapia fish as feed to convert them to males? Follicle- Estrogen stimulating Hormone Growth Methyl hormone testosterone What lipstick shade was missing that led to the installment of RFID in packaging? Red Pink Brown Orange  What province is the source of the dolomite sand in Manila Bay? Cebu Mindoro Samar Palawan  Defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something. Antecedents of science and technology are factors that paved way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovation today. - Sir Winston Churchill  ANCIENT MIDDLE MODERN transportation & navigation increase of new inventions, faster production of goods Communication introduction of innovations more efficient means of record-keeping emergence of scientific transportation mass production thinking and method faster and easier means to safety and protection communicate and compute architecture  the start of early civilization that also gave rise to the major advancement of science and technology.  Ancient civilization paved the way for advances in science and technology. These advances during the ancient period allowed civilization to flourish by finding better ways of communication transportation, self-organization, and ways of living.  the invention of the first writing system is one of the Sumerians' main contributions. a device that makes use of word representations and triangular symbols Image Source: Khan Academy What do you think was the challenge, problem or issue that this invention was trying to address?  Developed by Sumerians Carts & battle chariots Pottery Agriculture (animal traction, irrigation) What do you think was the challenge, problem or issue that this invention was trying to address?  writing system that used symbols established by the Egyptians well-preserved as they were carved at pyramid walls and other important structures of Egyptians What do you think was the challenge, problem Image Source: Khan Academy or issue that this invention was trying to address?  Egyptian discovery of paper or papyrus papyrus - a plant in Egypt that grew abundantly along the river Nile they were able to process the plant to create thin sheets What do you think was the challenge, problem Image Source: metmuseum.org or issue that this invention was trying to address?  considered one of the greatest contributions of the Greek civilization to the world Widely used in agriculture with only the need to use flowing water What do you think was the challenge, problem or issue that this invention was trying to address?  one of the Romans' greatest contributions is newspaper the first articles, known as gazettes, published people's reports of the Roman Empire. What do you think was the challenge, problem or issue that this invention was trying to address?  hand-operated device used for lifting water was an early tool invented and used by ancient Egyptians What do you think was the challenge, problem or issue that this invention was trying to address?  Discovered by Greeks; used to predict astronomical position (position of planets, position of sun and moons, etc.) and eclipses for calendar and astrological purposes What do you think was the challenge, problem or issue that this invention was trying to address?  “wind ball” a steamed powered turbine which spun when the water container at its center was heated, thus making it practically the first rudimentary steam engine What do you think was the challenge, problem or issue that this invention was trying to address? Which of the following is NOT a technology of the Greeks? Watermills Aeliophile Ancient Antikythera Wheels Mechanism All of these were technology used in agriculture EXCEPT Ancient Shadoof Wheels Watermills Aeliophile Which of the following is an important contribution of Romans? Papyrus Gazette Cuneiform Heiroglyphics  the start of the Middle Ages was marred by massive invasions and migrations; wars were prevalent during this time  Johann Gutenberg managed to invent the printing press after the Chinese invented woodblock printing, a more efficient method of printing using a cast type What do you think was major improvement in the society brought by this invention?  developed to cut a long soil slice and turn it upside down, burying the surface residue, conserving moisture, aerating the soil and killing weeds. What do you think was major improvement in the society brought by this invention?  in earlier years, Zacharias Janssen was able to create the first compound microscope, led by the principles used for the invention of eyeglasses. What do you think was major improvement in the society brought by this invention?  The telescope's invention, an optical instrument that helps to view distant objects, has been of great benefit to navigators What do you think was major improvement in the society brought by this invention?  Around 850 A.D., Chinese alchemists accidentally invented the gunpowder. The invention of gunpowder has allowed advanced warfare such as fiery arrows, cannons, and grenades. What do you think was major improvement in the society brought by this invention?  The development of mechanical clock helped the people in accurately keeping the track of time. What do you think was major improvement in the society brought by this invention?  Paper money was first used by Chinese in 17th century. What do you think was major improvement in the society brought by this invention?ç  Which of the following is NOT associated with nor influenced by Chinese inventions? Paper Gunpowder money Printing Heavy plough Press  Which invention greatly contributed to the distribution of knowledge and information? Printing Gunpowder Press Microscope Jiaozi  Which of the following is NOT among the primary motivations of technological advancements in the Middle ages? Weaponry Cloud storage Navigation Farm production  The demands of the booming world population during the nineteenth century onwards: Communication Food Processing Medicine and health  French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist Louis Pasteur developed pasteurization, the method of heating dairy products to destroy harmful bacteria, that caused them to spoil more easily How do these advancements influence the way of life in the present?  Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was a Hungarian gynecologist who is known as a pioneer of antiseptic procedures. Semmelweis discovered that the incidence of puerperal fever could be drastically cut by the use of hand disinfection in obstetrical clinics. How do these advancements influence the way of life in the present?  Edward Jenner inoculated James Phipps with cowpox, a virus similar to smallpox, to trigger immunity. How do these advancements influence the way of life in the present?  Animal oils production could not keep up with the demand. Petroleum currently is widely used, among others, in powering automobiles, factories, and power plants. How do these advancements influence the way of life in the present?  Alexander Graham Bell's telephone development was one of the most significant developments at the time. How do these advancements influence the way of life in the present?  Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright are credited for designing and successfully operating the first engine-powered aircraft. Their pioneering success marked an age of powered flights and paved the way for modern aircraft technology How do these advancements influence the way of life in the present?  The invention of modern calculators not only paved the way for simpler arithmetical calculations but also created more complicated processing machines. How do these advancements influence the way of life in the present? One of STS’ main objectives is to examine the impacts of the scientific and technological advances throughout history on the dominant cultural, political, and economic contexts. Which of the following is a precursor of modern computers? Airplane Calculator Telephone Telescope  Which technique greatly decreased incidence of infection in hospitals among patients and doctors? Vaccination Blood transfusion Handwashing Pasteurization Which is an important element of pasteurization which prevented food spoilage? Salt Heat Probiotics Freezing temperature