Unit 1: Philosophical Perspective of the Self PDF

UTS: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 1: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio 1.1: PHILOSOPHY Socrates suggests that man must live an -...

UTS: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 1: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio 1.1: PHILOSOPHY Socrates suggests that man must live an - Philosophy employs the inquisitive mind to examined life and a life of purpose and value. discover the ultimate causes, reasons, and For him, an unexamined life is not worth living. principles of everything. - The etymological definition of philosophy, “love An individual person can have a meaningful of wisdom," could pertain to the desire for truth and happy life only if he or she becomes by formulating never-ending questions to virtuous and knows the value of himself or provide answers to every inquiry about the herself, which can be achieved through nature of human existence. incessant soul searching. He or she must - self-knowledge is a prerequisite to a happy begin at the source of all knowledge and and meaningful life. significance - the self. Introspection - The Socratic method that SOCRATES carefully examines one's thoughts and emotions to gain self-knowledge. AN UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING For Socrates, the self is synonymous with the PLATO soul. Every human possesses an immortal soul that THE SELF IS AN IMMORTAL SOUL survives the physical body. Socrates was the Like Socrates, Plato believes that the self is first to focus on the full power of reason on the synonymous with the soul. human self: who we are, who we should be, His philosophy can be explained as a process and who we will become. of self-knowledge and purification of the soul. Introduced the idea of a three-part soul self: 2 DICHOTOMOUS REALMS: reason, physical appetite, and spirit/passion A. Physical ➔ Changeable, transient, and imperfect. 3-PART SOUL/SELF: ➔ The physical world in which man lives ➔ For Socrates, the body belongs to the Reason Divine essence that enables physical realm. us to think deeply, make wise B. Ideal choices, and achieve a true ➔ The ideal realm is unchanging, eternal, and understanding of eternal immortal. truths. ➔ Includes the intellectual essence of the universe and concepts such as truth, Physical appetite Biological needs goodness, and beauty. ➔ The soul belongs to the ideal realm. Spirit or passion Includes basic emotions ★ It is the responsibility of Reason to sort Socrates explains that the essence of the things out and exert control, thus, restoring self-the soul-is the immortal entity. a harmonious relationship among the three As long as the soul is tied to the body, the elements of the self. quest for wisdom is inhibited by the ★ Genuine happiness can only be achieved imperfection of the physical realm, where it by people who consistently make sure that wanders and is confused. PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 1 UTS: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 1: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio their Reason is in control of their Spirit and Sentient Sensual desires, feelings, and Appetite. emotions. ★ The control of Reason is the essence of Plato's concept of justice. Rational What makes man human. ○ If man lives in accordance to his It includes the intellect that allows man nature, then he is giving justice to to know and understand things. his existence. Characterized by moral virtues, such as justice and courage. Theory of Forms: Concepts of the two worlds Self-actualization - the rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing, and fulfilling life. CONCEPT OF TWO WORLDS: ST. AUGUSTINE A. World of Forms ➔ Non-physical ideas THE SOUL IS SUPERIOR TO THE BODY ➔ Real and permanent He integrates the ideas of Plato and the teachings of Christianity. B. World of Sense He ultimately came to view the body as the ➔ Reality "spouse" of the soul, both attached to one ➔ Temporary and only a replica of the ideal another by a "natural appetite." world. ★ Sensible world is dependent on the ideal The soul is an important element of man. He world where the concept of the soul believes that the soul is what governs and belongs. defines man. ★ Man should give more importance to the soul, which is more permanent, than the Augustine is convinced that the self is known physical body that resides in the world of only through knowing God. sense. For him, "knowledge can only come by seeing the truth that dwells within us." Provides the ARISTOTLE philosophical principle, "I am doubting, therefore I am." THE SOUL IS THE ESSENCE OF THE SELF Aristotle holds that the soul is the essence of RENE DESCARTES all living things. Thus, the soul is the essence of the self. I THINK, THEREFORE I AM However, humans differ from other living things because of their capacity for rational He wants to penetrate the nature of the thinking. reasoning process and understand its Introduces the three kinds of souls: relationship to the human self. vegetative, sentient, and rational. Cogito, ergo sum - "I think, therefore I am," For him, the act of thinking about the self of Vegetative Includes the physical body that can being self-conscious is in itself proof that there grow. is a self. PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 2 UTS: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 1: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio Self-consciousness is necessary to have a For Descartes, this is the essence of the human coherent personal (self) identity or knowledge self, a thinking entity that doubts, understands, of the self as a person. analyses, questions, and reasons. Consciousness is what makes the identity of a person similar in different situations. There are two dimensions of the human self: Knowledge is based on careful observation of the self as a thinking entity and the self as experiences. Reason plays an important role a physical body. in helping to figure out the significance of sense experience and reach intelligent 2 DIMENSIONS OF THE HUMAN SELF: conclusions. Thus, using the power of reason and introspection enables one to understand and Self as a thinking Non material, immortal, achieve accurate conclusions about the self entity and conscious being (or personal identity). that is independent of the physical laws of the DAVID HUME universe. Self as a physical Material, mortal, THERE IS NO SELF body. non-thinking entity, fully If people carefully examine their sense governed by the experience through the process of physical laws of nature. introspection, they will discover that there is no self. In other words, the soul and the body are What people experience is just a bundle or independent of one another, and each can collection of different perceptions. exist and function without the other. Hume maintains that if people carefully The thinking self can exist independently of examine the contents of their experience, they the physical body. will find that there are only distinct entities: impressions and ideas. JOHN LOCKE Impressions Basic sensations of people's THE SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS experience, such as hate, love, joy, The human mind at birth is tabula rasa or a grief, pain, cold, and heat. blank slate. Vivid perceptions and are strong He thinks that the self, or personal identity, is and lively. constructed primarily from sense experiences These experiences shape and mold the self Ideas thoughts and images from throughout a person's life. impressions, so they are less lively and vivid. For Locke, conscious awareness and a memory of previous experiences are the keys to Hume argues that it cannot be from any of understanding the self. The essence of the self is its these impressions that the idea of the self is conscious awareness of itself as a thinking, derived, and consequently, there is no self. reasoning, and reflecting identity. Subsequently, the idea of personal identity is a result of imagination. We construct the self IMMANUEL KANT PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 3 UTS: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 1: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio Preconscious Contains material that is not THE SELF TRANSCENDS EXPERIENCE/ superego threatening and is easily brought WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF to mind. It is the self that is actively organizing and synthesizing all thoughts and perceptions. Unconscious Basic instinctual drives, including Transcendental deduction of categories - Pleasure sexuality, aggressiveness, and conceptual categories that construct an orderly principle self-destruction, traumatic and objective world that is stable and can be Id memories Unfulfilled wishes and investigated scientifically. childhood fantasies Characterized by the most Kant believes that the self is an organizing primitive principle that makes a unified and intelligible level of human motivation and experience possible. In other words, the self human functioning constructs its own reality, actively creating a world that is familiar, predictable, and most significantly, mine. The self is the product of reason, a regulative principle, because it regulates experience by making unified experiences possible. The self transcends experience because the mind can grasp aspects of reality that are not limited to the senses. SIGMUND FREUD THE SELF IS MULTILAYERED Freud holds that the self consists of three layers: conscious, unconscious, and preconscious. Conscious Organized in ways that are Reality principle rational, practical, and GILBERT RYLE ego appropriate to the environment. Takes into account the realistic THE SELF IS THE WAY PEOPLE BEHAVE demands of a situation, the The self is best understood as a pattern of consequences of various behavior actions, and the overriding need "I act, therefore, I am.” to preserve the equilibrium (balance) of the entire Ryle considers the mind and body to be intrinsically psychodynamic system of the linked in complex and intimate ways. In short, the self. self is the same as bodily behavior. PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 4 UTS: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 1: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio He concludes that the mind is the totality of human dispositions which is known through CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY the way people behave. The mind expresses the entire system of Socrates thoughts, emotions, and actions that make up - Synonymous with the soul the human self. - Every human possesses immortal soul Plato PAUL CHURCHLAND - Three elements of soul/self: reason,physical appetite and spirit/passion. THE SELF IS THE BRAIN Eliminative materialism - the idea that the Aristotle self is inseparable from the brain and the - Rational nature of self is to lead a fulfilling physiology of the body. life. St. Augustine All a person has is the brain, so if the brain is gone, - Body is united with the soul there is no self. For Churchland, the physical brain, and not the imaginary mind, gives people Descartes - Act of thinking the sense of self. - Being Self-conscious is a proof that there’s self The mind does not really exist because it - Self as Thinking entity and as physical body. cannot be experienced by the senses. Locke - Conscious awareness MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY Hume THE SELF IS EMBODIED SUBJECTIVITY - Personal identity is a result of imagination All knowledge about the self (e.g., - There is no self understanding the nature of the self) is based Kant on the "phenomena" of experience. - Self construct its own reality The "I" is a single integrated core identity, a combination of the mental, physical, and Freud emotional structures around a core identity of - Self consists of three layers: conscious, the self. unconscious and preconscious. The mind and body are unified, not separate. Ryle - Self as a pattern of behavior For him, perception is not merely a consequence of sensory experience; rather, it is a conscious Churchland - Eliminative materialism experience. Thus, the self is embodied - Self is inseparable from brain subjectivity Ponty - Self is based on phenomena Body and Soul Not body and Others soul Plato, Aristotle, Hume, Ryle, Freud, Socrates, St. Churchland, Descartes Augustine, Ponty Kant PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 5 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 2: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio Understanding of the self only arises in 1 Begins by conceiving an idea of how relationships, in watching yourself in relationship to a person presents himself or herself people, ideas, and things; to trees, the earth, and to others the world around you and within you. Relationship is the mirror in which the self is revealed. Without 2 How he or she analyzes how others self-knowledge there is no basis for right thought perceive him or her and action. - Jiddu Krishnamurti 3 How he or she creates an image of himself or herself. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SELF ★ These perceptions are subjective, a person might have wrong - Based on the assumption that human interpretations of how other people behavior is influenced by group life. evaluate him or her. - A particular view of oneself is formed through ★ The person could develop a negative interactions with other people, groups, or self image if the person thinks that social institutions. others judge him. - For sociologists such as Mead and Cooley, the self does not depend on biological GEORGE HERBERT MEAD predispositions; rather, it is a product of social interaction. “SOCIAL SELF” - The sense of self emerges as an individual - A person develops a sense of self through partakes in a society. social interaction, not the biological preconditions of that interaction. French sociologist Jean Baudrillard posits that in the - Mead's theory of the social self explains that postmodern society, the self is found in the prestige the self has two divisions: the "I" and the symbols of goods consumed by people. "me." SOCIOLOGY “I” “Me” ★ subjective element ★ objective element - Scientific study of social groups and human and the active side of the self relationships of the self. ★ represents the - Generates new insights into the ★ It represents the internalized interconnectedness between the self and other spontaneous and attitudes and people. unique traits of an demands of other individual people and CHARLES HORTON COOLEY ★ An individual's awareness of those “LOOKING GLASS SELF” demands The people whom a person interacts with Full Development of Self become a mirror in which he or she views himself or herself. attained when the "I" and the "me" are united. - Self-identity or self-image is achieved through - According to Mead, the self is not present at a threefold event birth. It develops only with social experience in UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 2: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio which language, gestures, and objects are children become concerned used to communicate meaningfully. about, and take into account in 1. Role taking - a person infers people's their behavior, the generalized intentions or directions of actions, which may others, which refer to the lead him or her to understand the world from attitudes, viewpoints, demands, others' point of view. and expectations of the society. 2. He or she creates his or her own role and anticipates how others will respond. 3. When he or she performs his or her own GERRY LANUZA’S particular role, he or she becomes self-aware. “CONSTITUTION OF THE SELF” - The self continues to change along with his or her social experience. MODERN SOCIETIES: ➔ In modern societies, the attainment and stability of self-identity are freely chosen. In other words, no matter how much the world ➔ They are no longer restricted by customs and shapes a person, he or she will always remain traditions. creative. being and being able to resotto the world ➔ Although this newfound freedom offers infinite around him or her (Kendal,2013; Macionis, 2015). possibilities for self cultivation, problems, such as alienation and dehumanization of the self, - Mead deals the development of the self in a also appear which hinder the full development three stage process: of human potentials ➔ There is a need to discover the “authentic core” of the self for an individual to freely work Preparatory children imitate the people towards self realization. stage around them (O - 3 yrs old) copy behavior without POSTMODERN SOCIETIES: understanding underlying ➔ Welcomes all possibilities for intentions, self-improvement. no sense of self. ➔ Self-identity continuously changes due to the Children are just preparing for demands of multitudes of social contexts, new role-taking. information technologies, and globalization. Play stage children start to view (3-5 yrs old) themselves in relation to JEAN BAUDRILLARD others “CONSTITUTION OF THE SELF” At this stage, role-taking is exhibited. ➔ Exposes the negative consequences of children do not perceive postmodernity to individuals in the society role-taking as something (Demeterio, 2013). expected of them. children pretend to take the For him, consumption structures the postmodern roles of specific people or society. significant others the self is developing, ➔ Postmodern individuals achieve self-identity Game stage children understand not only through the prestige symbols that they (begins in the their own social position but consume. early school also those of others around ➔ The cultural practices of advertising and mass years) them media greatly influence individuals to consume the self is now present goods not for their primary value and utility but for the feeling of goodness and power when compared with others. PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 7 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 2: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio ➔ Hence, the postmodern person has become an insatiable consumer and may never be satisfied in his or her life. ➔ Therefore, the self may be in a never-ending search for prestige in the postmodern society. PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 8 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 2: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio CONCEPT OF SELF IN DIFFERENT SOCIETIES We are each a product of biological endowments, culture, and personal history. Culture, ideology, and Egocentric The self is seen as an cultural events along with transmitted cultural autonomous and distinct practices influence each of us. We are each the individual. product of our collective interchanges... We are Each person is defined as a each a molecule in the helix of human replica of all humanity but is consciousness joined in a physical world. We form a capable of acting coil of connective tissue soldered together by independently from others. cultural links. - Kilroy J. Oldster Socio Egocentric The self is contingent on a situation or social setting. ANTHROPOLOGY This is a view of the self that is context-dependent, which emphasizes that there is no Anthropology is concerned with how cultural intrinsic self that can possess and biological processes interact to shape enduring qualities human experience. Compared with other disciplines, anthropology possesses a holistic and integrated approach ➔ From the similarities and differences in in examining human nature. characteristics among individuals, people "Anthropology encroaches on the territory of construct their social identities. the sciences as well as the humanities, and transcends the conventional boundaries of 1. Identity Toolbox - refers to the features of both while addressing questions from the a person's identity that he or she chooses to distant past and the pressing present— emphasize in constructing a social self. perhaps with implications for the future." 2. Personal Naming - establishes a child's - James L. Peacock birthright and social identity. ○ A name is an important device to THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE SELF individualize a person and legitimize AND IDENTITY him or her as a member of a social group, such as a family. ➔ Edward Tylor defined culture as "...that ○ Personal names in all societies are complex whole which includes knowledge, intimate markers of a person, which belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other differentiates him or her from capabilities and habits acquired by man as a others. member of society." ○ A person's name may symbolically ➔ Culture is not the behavior itself but the shared represent his or her cultural self. understandings that guide behavior and are expressed in behavior ➔ Culture has acquired a range of different ➔ One’s identity is not inborn. It is something meanings that require reflection and analysis that will continuously develop in life. because the significance of cultures has ➔ Rights of passage - involves ritual activities enormous implications for everyone's to prepare individuals for new roles from one conception of self. stage of life to another, such as birth, puberty, ➔ There are two ways in which the concept of marriage, having children, and death. self is viewed in different societies: egocentric ➔ Arnold van Gennep believes that changes in and sociocentric. one's status and identity are marked by a PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 9 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 2: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio three-phased rite of passage: separation, means of which people communicate, liminality, and incorporation. perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes towards life. 3 PHASED RITE OF PASSAGE Furthermore, he proposes that it is necessary that Separation People detach from their former humans give meanings to their experiences so identity to another. that order in the world can be established. Ex: In a wedding, the bride walking down the aisle to be "given away" ➔ Geertz suggests two important ideas: by the parents to the groom implies the separation from one's 1. Culture should not be perceived only as family to become a part of a new "complexes of concrete behavior patterns— one. customs, usages, traditions, and habit clusters—as has, by and large, been the case up to now, but Liminality A person transitions from one as a set of control mechanisms—plans, recipes, identity to another. rules, and instructions —for the governing behavior” Ex: The wedding ceremony itself is the process of transition of the 2. “Man is precisely the animal most desperately bride and groom from singlehood dependent upon such extragenetic, to married life. outside-the-skin control mechanisms, such as cultural programs, for ordering his behavior" Incorporation The change in one's status is officially incorporated. ➔ Therefore, man is defined by his genetic Rites of passage help a person adjust from one potentials shaped into actual accomplishments social dimension of his or her life to another that are made possible by culture. Geertz also stage of life or identity. emphasizes that human nature is interdependent with culture: ➔ Identity Struggles - Anthony Wallace and Raymond Fogelson coined this term to "Without men, no culture, certainly; but equally, characterize interaction in which there is a and more significantly, without culture, no men" discrepancy between the identity a person claims to possess and the identity attributed to that person by others. THE SELF AS EMBEDDED IN CULTURE ➔ Clifford Geertz (1973), an American anthropologist, offers a reformulation of the concept of culture that favors a symbolic interpretive model of it. ➔ He defines culture as a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 10 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 2: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio - Self develops from interactions with PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES significant people and awareness of one’s own characteristic and level of WILLIAM JAMES functioning. - Self is divided into 2 categories → According to rogers: human beings are always - I self and me self striving for fulfillment or self-actualization. → when needs of the self are denied, sever anxiety a. I-SELF may arise - Self that knows who he or she is - Also called the thinking self → Rogers suggests two components of the - Reflects the soul of a person or the self-concept: real and ideal self mind– which is also called the pure ego 1. REAL SELF - Consists of all the ideas– such as b. ME-SELF awareness of what one is and what one can do. - Empirical self - Refers to a person’s personal 2. IDEAL SELF experiences and is further divided - Person’s conception of what one into subcategories: material, social, should be or what one aspires to be and spiritual self - Includes one;s goals and ambitions. 1. MATERIAL SELF → the closer the ideal self is to the real self, the more - Individuals physical attributes and fulfilled and happier the individual becomes. – The material possessions that further it is, the more unhappy and dissatisfied. contributes to one’s self image MULTIPLE VERSUS UNIFIED SELF, TRUE VERSUS 2. SOCIAL SELF FALSE SELF - Refers to a person who is and how he or she acts in social situations. → self understanding in adolescents includes - People have different social selves conceptualizing the self as multiple or unified and true depending on the context of the or false. social situation. → coping with different selves is a formidable task - Ex: a student will act differently at among adolescents. Struggling for a unified self. the school and at home with family. DONALD WINNICOTT - Self is composed of the true self and 3. SPIRITUAL SELF the false self - Refers to the most intimate and important part of the self a. FALSE SELF - Include the person’s purpose, core - Hides the true self values, conscience, and moral - Adolescents display false self to behavior impress others CARL ROGERS b. TRUE SELF - Focuses on self concept (image of - The actual self oneself) - Defines Self is flexible and changing perception of personal identity. THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC - Self is the center of experience. UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio ALBERT BANDURA optimistically and in ways that are - Posits that humans through their self-enhancing or self-hindering. agency are perceived as proactive agents of experiences. THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHETYPE a. AGENCY - Embodies the endowments, belief CARL JUNG systems, self regulatory capabilities, - Central to his theory of the self is the and distributed structures and concept of archetypes functions through which personal influence is exercised, rather than a. ARCHETYPES residing as a discrete entity. - Universal models after which roles are patterned → Main features of human agency: 4 - Represents hidden potentialities of the psyche or total personality 1. INTENTIONALITY - Reside in the unconscious - Acts done intentionally - Center on plans of action with the → 4 major archetypes: anticipation of possible outcomes 1. PERSONA 2. FORETHOUGHT - Social roles that individuals present to - Enables the person to anticipate the others. likely consequences of prospective actions. 2. SHADOW - Guides sanctions in the anticipation of - Repressed thoughts that are socially true events unacceptable - Considered the dark side of the 3. REACTIVENESS psyche - Making choices and choosing appropriate courses of action– as well 3. ANIMA as motivating and regulating them. - Feminine side of the male psyche 4. ANIMUS - Masculine side of the female psyche 4. REFLECTIVENESS - Gives the person the ability to reflect upon, and the adequacy of his or her → The Self: the central archetype that unites all parts actions and thoughts. of the psyche EFFICACY → The Ego: individual/s conscious perspective of the - Beliefs are the foundation of human self. agency - Play a role in self-regulation SIGMUND FREUD SELF-EFFICACY - Personality is formed from 3 - Refers to an individual's belief that he structures; id, ego, superego or she will think pessimistically or 1. ID (unconscious) PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 12 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio - Need to satisfy basic urges and - Motivated by curiosity about the desires difference between the anatomy of - Pleasure seeking side, impulsive, men and women. child-like, and demands instant - Fixation will lead to abnormal sexual gratification behaviors 2. EGO (conscious) 4. LATENCY STAGE (7-12yo) - Operates on the reality principle and - Sexual energy is repressed because controls the id children are occupied with school - Conform with existing societal considerations 5. GENITAL STAGE (adolescence to adult) - Pleasure is derived from the genital 3. SUPER EGO (preconscious) area– seek to satisfy their sexual - The “conscience” and “moral judge” of drives from sexual relationships ones conduct - Sexual problems may result as a consequence of inappropriate sexual → id, ego, and superego are in constant conflict. behaviors. PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT ERIK ERIKSON - Each stage has conflicts and the individual - Focuses on identity formation must resolve in order to go to the next stage. - Adolescence is a period of identity development 1. ORAL STAGE (birth to 1yo) - Babies derive pleasure from oral a. IDENTITY FORMATION activities, such as biting and sucking. - Process that requires themselves to - Overindulgence in oral may lead to distance themselves from strong oral incorporative personality disorder expectations and definitions imposed (overeating, smoking, alcoholism) by parents and family. - Dissatisfaction may lead to aggressive personality disorder → to achieve individual identity: one must create a vision of the self that is authentic which is anchored on 2. ANAL STAGE (2nd year) the meaning for one’s own goals. - Child derives pleasure from elimination of body wastes EIGHT PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF - Through toilet training a child learns DEVELOPMENT the basic rules of society. - Anal fixations can lead to 1. TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST (1yo) anal-rentative personality disorder - Child will develop proper trust if cared (obsession with cleanliness) or anal for properly–if not mistrust is likely to expulsive personality disorder develop. (clumsiness). 2. AUTONOMY VERSUS SHAME AND DOUBT 3. PHALLIC STAGE (3-6yo) (first 3 years) - Children derives pleasure from - Assert independence if parents allow examining, touching, fondling, or children to explore– if overly protected displaying their genitals then they feel a sense of shame and doubt PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 13 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF UNIT 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Velez College - College of Nursing | First Semester A.Y 2024-2025 Lecturer: Ms. Yves Quinio 3. INITIATIVE VERSUS GUILT (3-5yo) - Develop a sense of responsibility leading to initiative– irresponsible children might develop guilt. 4. INDUSTRY VERSUS INFERIORITY (elementary school years) - When encouraged in their effort they will develop a sense of industry and with little or no encouragement– they will donut their abilities leading to inferiority. 5. IDENTITY FORMATION VERSUS IDENTITY CONFUSION (adolescence) - Finding out who they are– if provided with proper support they will develop a positive identity and if not ;eads to identity confusion. 6. INTIMACY VERSUS ISOLATION (early adulthood) - Explore personal relationships - Vital for people to develop intimate relationships– inability will lead to isolation. 7. GENERATIVITY VERSUS STAGNATION (middle adulthood) - Generativity involves a person's desire to contribute to the world– those who fail will feel worthless. 8. INTEGRITY VERSUS DESPAIR (old age) - Focused on self reflection of one’s life - If they are satisfied they will feel a sense of integrity– if not then they feel regret and despair. PUZA, MARIAN & ABREA, SOFIA | BSN - 1A ♡ “Padayo , tur RN!” 14