Upper Limb Muscles Tables PDF

UPPER LIMB Tables Muscles of the shoulder (muscles of the shoulder spinal segments indicated in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Trapezius...

UPPER LIMB Tables Muscles of the shoulder (muscles of the shoulder spinal segments indicated in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Trapezius 1 Superior nuchal line, external Superior edge of the crest Motor spinal part of Powerful elevator of the occipital protuberance, medial of the spine of the accessory nerve [XI]. scapula; rotates the scapula margin of the ligamentum scapula, acromion, Sensory (proprioception) during abduction of humerus nuchae, spinous processes of posterior border of lateral anterior rami of C3 and C4 above horizontal; middle CVII to TXII and the related one third of clavicle fibers retract scapula; lower supraspinous ligaments fibers depress scapula Deltoid 2 Inferior edge of the crest of Deltoid tuberosity of Axillary nerve [C5, C6] Major abductor of arm the spine of the scapula, humerus (abducts arm beyond initial lateral margin of the 15° done by supraspinatus); acromion, anterior border of clavicular fibers assist in lateral one third of clavicle flexing the arm; posterior fibers assist in extending the arm Levator 3 Transverse processes of CI Posterior surface of Branches directly from Elevates the scapula scapulae and CII vertebrae and medial border of scapula anterior rami of C3 and C4 posterior tubercles of from superior angle to spinal nerves and by transverse processes of CIII root of spine of the branches [C5] from the and CIV vertebrae scapula dorsal scapular nerve Rhomboid 4 Lower end of ligamentum Posterior surface of Dorsal scapular nerve Elevates and retracts the minor nuchae and spinous medial border of scapula [C4, C5] scapula processes of CVII and TI at the root of the spine of vertebrae the scapula Rhomboid 5 Spinous processes of TII–TV Posterior surface of Dorsal scapular nerve Elevates and retracts the major vertebrae and intervening medial border of scapula [C4, C5] scapula supraspinous ligaments from the root of the spine of the scapula to the inferior angle 1 3 4 5 2 462  Tables 7 Muscles of the posterior scapular region (spinal segments in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Supraspinatus 1 Medial two thirds of the Most superior facet on the Suprascapular Rotator cuff muscle; supraspinous fossa of the greater tubercle of the nerve [C5, C6] initiation of abduction of scapula and the deep fascia humerus arm to 15° at glenohumeral that covers the muscle joint Infraspinatus 2 Medial two thirds of the Middle facet on posterior Suprascapular Rotator cuff muscle; lateral infraspinous fossa of the surface of the greater tubercle nerve [C5, C6] rotation of arm at the scapula and the deep fascia of the humerus glenohumeral joint that covers the muscle Teres minor 3 Upper two thirds of a flattened Inferior facet on the posterior Axillary nerve Rotator cuff muscle; lateral strip of bone on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle [C5, C6] rotation of arm at the surface of the scapula of the humerus glenohumeral joint immediately adjacent to the lateral border of the scapula Teres major 4 Elongate oval area on the Medial lip of the intertubercular Inferior subscapular Medial rotation and posterior surface of the sulcus on the anterior surface nerve [C5, C6, C7] extension of the arm at the inferior angle of the scapula of the humerus glenohumeral joint Long head of 5 Infraglenoid tubercle on Common tendon of insertion Radial nerve Extension of the forearm at triceps brachii scapula with medial and lateral heads [C6, C7, C8] the elbow joint; accessory on the olecranon process of adductor and extensor of ulna the arm at the glenohumeral joint 1 3 4 5 2 463  UPPER LIMB Tables Muscles of the anterior wall of the axilla (spinal segments in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Pectoralis 1 Clavicular head—anterior Lateral lip of Medial and lateral Flexion, adduction, and major surface of medial half of intertubercular sulcus of pectoral nerves; medial rotation of arm at clavicle; sternocostal head— humerus clavicular head glenohumeral joint; anterior surface of sternum; first [C5, C6]; sternocostal clavicular head—flexion of seven costal cartilages; sternal head [C6, C7, C8, T1] extended arm; sternocostal end of sixth rib; aponeurosis of head—extension of flexed external oblique arm Subclavius 2 First rib at junction between rib Groove on inferior surface Nerve to subclavius Pulls tip of shoulder down; and costal cartilage of middle one third of [C5, C6] pulls clavicle medially to clavicle stabilize sternoclavicular joint Pectoralis 3 Anterior surfaces and superior Coracoid process of Medial pectoral nerve Pulls tip of shoulder down; minor borders of ribs III to V; and scapula (medial border [C5, C6, C7, C8, T1] protracts scapula from deep fascia overlying the and upper surface) related intercostal spaces Muscles of the medial wall of the axilla Serratus 4 Lateral surfaces of upper 8–9 Costal surface of medial Long thoracic nerve Protraction and rotation of the anterior ribs and deep fascia overlying border of scapula [C5, C6, C7] scapula; keeps medial border the related intercostal spaces and inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall Muscles of the lateral and posterior wall of the axilla (spinal segments enclosed in parentheses do not consistently innervate the muscle) Subscapularis 5 Medial two thirds of subscapular Lesser tubercle of Upper and lower Rotator cuff muscle; medial fossa humerus subscapular nerves rotation of the arm at the [C5, C6, (C7)] glenohumeral joint Teres major 6 Elongate oval area on the Medial lip of the Lower subscapular Medial rotation and posterior surface of the inferior intertubercular sulcus on nerve [C5, C6, C7] extension of the arm at the angle of the scapula the anterior surface of the glenohumeral joint humerus Latissimus 7 Spinous processes of lower six Floor of intertubercular Thoracodorsal nerve Adduction, medial rotation, dorsi thoracic vertebrae and related sulcus [C6, C7, C8] and extension of the arm at interspinous ligaments; via the the glenohumeral joint thoracolumbar fascia to the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae, related interspinous ligaments, and iliac crest; lower 3–4 ribs Long head of 8 Infraglenoid tubercle on scapula Common tendon of Radial nerve Extension of the forearm at triceps brachii insertion with medial and [C6, C7, C8] the elbow joint; accessory lateral heads on the adductor and extensor of the olecranon process of ulna arm at the glenohumeral joint 464  Tables 7 Muscles having parts that pass through the axilla (spinal segments in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Biceps brachii 1 Long head—supraglenoid Tuberosity of radius Musculocutaneous nerve Powerful flexor of the forearm at tubercle of scapula; short [C5, C6] the elbow joint and supinator of head—apex of coracoid the forearm; accessory flexor of process the arm at the glenohumeral joint Coracobrachialis 2 Apex of coracoid process Linear roughening on Musculocutaneous nerve Flexor of the arm at the midshaft of humerus [C5, C6, C7] glenohumeral joint; adducts arm on medial side 2 1 3 4 5 9 8 10 7 6 465  UPPER LIMB Tables Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (spinal segments in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Coracobrachialis 1 Apex of coracoid process Linear roughening on Musculocutaneous nerve Flexor of the arm at the midshaft of humerus [C5, C6, C7] glenohumeral joint on medial side Biceps brachii 2 Long head— Radial tuberosity Musculocutaneous nerve Powerful flexor of the forearm supraglenoid tubercle of [C5, C6] at the elbow joint and scapula; short head— supinator of the forearm; apex of coracoid process accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint Brachialis 3 Anterior aspect of humerus Tuberosity of the ulna Musculocutaneous nerve Powerful flexor of the forearm (medial and lateral [C5, C6]; (small contribution at the elbow joint surfaces) and adjacent by the radial nerve [C7] to intermuscular septae lateral part of muscle) Muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm Triceps brachii 4 Long head—infraglenoid Olecranon Radial nerve [C6, C7, C8] Extension of the forearm at tubercle of scapula; medial the elbow joint. Long head head—posterior surface of can also extend and adduct humerus; lateral head— the arm at the shoulder joint posterior surface of humerus 466  Tables 7 1 2 3 4 467  UPPER LIMB Tables Superficial layer of muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm (spinal segments indicated in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Flexor carpi 1 Humeral head—medial Pisiform bone, and then Ulnar nerve [C7, C8, T1] Flexes and adducts the wrist joint ulnaris epicondyle of humerus; via pisohamate and ulnar head—olecranon and pisometacarpal ligaments posterior border of ulna into the hamate and base of metacarpal V Palmaris 2 Medial epicondyle of Palmar aponeurosis of Median nerve [C7, C8] Flexes wrist joint; because the longus humerus hand palmar aponeurosis anchors skin of the hand, contraction of the muscle resists shearing forces when gripping Flexor carpi 3 Medial epicondyle of Base of metacarpals II Median nerve [C6, C7] Flexes and abducts the wrist radialis humerus and III Pronator 4 Humeral head—medial Roughening on lateral Median nerve [C6, C7] Pronation teres epicondyle and adjacent surface, midshaft, of supracondylar ridge; ulnar radius head—medial side of coronoid process Intermediate layer of muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm Flexor 5 Humero-ulnar head— Four tendons, which Median nerve [C8, T1] Flexes proximal interphalangeal digitorum medial epicondyle of attach to the palmar joints of the index, middle, ring, superficialis humerus and adjacent surfaces of the middle and little fingers; can also flex margin of coronoid process; phalanges of the index, metacarpophalangeal joints of the radial head—oblique line of middle, ring, and little same fingers and the wrist joint radius fingers Deep layer of muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm Flexor 6 Anterior and medial Four tendons, which Lateral half by Flexes distal interphalangeal digitorum surfaces of ulna and attach to the palmar median nerve (anterior joints of the index, middle, ring, profundus anterior medial half of surfaces of the distal interosseous nerve); and little fingers; can also flex interosseous membrane phalanges of the index, medial half by ulnar metacarpophalangeal joints of middle, ring, and little nerve [C8, T1] the same fingers and the wrist fingers joint Flexor 7 Anterior surface of Palmar surface of base Median nerve (anterior Flexes interphalangeal joint of pollicis radius and radial half of of distal phalanx of interosseous nerve) the thumb; can also flex longus interosseous membrane thumb [C7, C8] metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb Pronator 8 Linear ridge on distal Distal anterior surface Median nerve (anterior Pronation quadratus anterior surface of ulna of radius interosseous nerve) [C7, C8] 468  Tables 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 469  UPPER LIMB Tables Superficial layer of muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm (spinal segments indicated in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Brachioradialis 1 Proximal part of lateral Lateral surface of distal end Radial nerve [C5, C6] Accessory flexor of supracondylar ridge of of radius before division into elbow joint when humerus and adjacent superficial and deep forearm is midpronated intermuscular septum branches Extensor carpi 2 Distal part of lateral supracon- Dorsal surface of base of Radial nerve [C6, C7] Extends and abducts radialis longus dylar ridge of humerus and metacarpal II before division into the wrist adjacent intermuscular septum superficial and deep branches Extensor carpi 3 Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal surface of base of Deep branch of radial Extends and abducts radialis brevis and adjacent intermuscular metacarpals II and III nerve [C7, C8] before the wrist septum penetrating supinator muscle Extensor 4 Lateral epicondyle of humerus Four tendons, which insert Posterior interosseous Extends the index, digitorum and adjacent intermuscular via extensor hoods into the nerve [C7, C8] middle, ring, and little septum and deep fascia dorsal aspects of the bases fingers; can also extend of the middle and distal the wrist phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers Extensor digiti 5 Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor hood of the little Posterior interosseous Extends the little finger minimi and adjacent intermuscular finger nerve [C7, C8] septum together with extensor digitorum Extensor carpi 6 Lateral epicondyle of humerus Tubercle on the base of the Posterior interosseous Extends and adducts ulnaris and posterior border of ulna medial side of metacarpal V nerve [C7, C8] the wrist Anconeus 7 Lateral epicondyle of humerus Olecranon and proximal Radial nerve [C6, C7, Abduction of the ulna in posterior surface of ulna C8] (via branch to pronation; accessory medial head of triceps extensor of the elbow brachii) joint 7 1 2 3 6 5 4 470  Tables 7 Deep layer of muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm (spinal segments indicated in bold are the major segments innervating the muscle) Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Supinator 1 Superficial part—lateral epicondyle Lateral surface of Posterior interosseous Supination of humerus, radial collateral and radius superior to the nerve [C6, C7] anular ligaments; deep part— anterior oblique line supinator crest of the ulna Abductor 2 Posterior surfaces of ulna Lateral side of base of Posterior interosseous Abducts carpometacarpal joint pollicis and radius (distal to the attachments metacarpal I nerve [C7, C8] of thumb; accessory extensor longus of supinator and anconeus) and of the thumb intervening interosseous membrane Extensor 3 Posterior surface of radius (distal to Dorsal surface of base Posterior interosseous Extends metacarpophalangeal pollicis abductor pollicis longus) and the of proximal phalanx of nerve [C7, C8] joint of the thumb; can also brevis adjacent interosseous membrane the thumb extend the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Extensor 4 Posterior surface of ulna (distal to Dorsal surface of base Posterior interosseous Extends interphalangeal joint pollicis the abductor pollicis longus) and the of distal phalanx of nerve [C7, C8] of the thumb; can also extend longus adjacent interosseous membrane thumb carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb Extensor 5 Posterior surface of ulna (distal to Extensor hood of index Posterior interosseous Extends index finger indicis extensor pollicis longus) and finger nerve [C7, C8] adjacent interosseous membrane 1 4 2 5 3 471