Shoulder Muscles Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the Trapezius muscle?

Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, medial margin of the ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TXII and the related supraspinous ligaments

What is the insertion of the Deltoid muscle?

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Match the following muscles with their primary functions:

Trapezius = Powerful elevator of the scapula; rotates the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal; middle fibers retract scapula; lower fibers depress scapula Deltoid = Major abductor of arm (abducts arm beyond initial 15° done by supraspinatus); clavicular fibers assist in flexing the arm; posterior fibers assist in extending the arm Levator scapulae = Elevates the scapula Rhomboid minor = Elevates and retracts the scapula Rhomboid major = Elevates and retracts the scapula

What is the innervation of the Levator scapulae muscle?

<p>Branches directly from anterior rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves and by branches [C5] from the dorsal scapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Rhomboid minor muscle?

<p>Dorsal scapular nerve [C4, C5]</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Supraspinatus muscle?

<p>Medial two thirds of the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and the deep fascia that covers the muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Infraspinatus muscle?

<p>Middle facet on posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Teres minor muscle?

<p>Inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Long head of triceps brachii muscle?

<p>Radial nerve [C6, C7, C8]</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Pectoralis major muscle?

<p>Clavicular head-anterior surface of medial half of clavicle; sternocostal head-anterior surface of sternum; first seven costal cartilages; sternal end of sixth rib; aponeurosis of external oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Subclavius muscle?

<p>Groove on inferior surface of middle one third of clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Pectoralis minor muscle?

<p>Medial pectoral nerve [C5, C6, C7, C8, T1]</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Serratus anterior muscle?

<p>Costal surface of medial border of scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Subscapularis muscle?

<p>Upper and lower subscapular nerves [C5, C6, (C7)]</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Teres major muscle?

<p>Elongate oval area on the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Latissimus dorsi muscle?

<p>Spinous processes of lower six thoracic vertebrae and related interspinous ligaments; via the thoracolumbar fascia to the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae, related interspinous ligaments, and iliac crest; lower 3-4 ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Biceps brachii muscle?

<p>Tuberosity of radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Coracobrachialis muscle?

<p>Musculocutaneous nerve [C5, C6, C7]</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Brachialis muscle?

<p>Anterior aspect of humerus (medial and lateral surfaces) and adjacent intermuscular septae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Brachialis muscle?

<p>Musculocutaneous nerve [C5, C6]; (small contribution by the radial nerve [C7] to lateral part of muscle)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

<p>Humeral head-medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar head-olecranon and posterior border of ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Palmaris longus muscle?

<p>Palmar aponeurosis of hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

<p>Base of metacarpals II and III</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Pronator teres muscle?

<p>Roughening on lateral surface, midshaft, of radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?

<p>Four tendons, which attach to the palmar surfaces of the middle phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus muscle?

<p>Anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and anterior medial half of interosseous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Flexor pollicis longus muscle?

<p>Palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Pronator quadratus muscle?

<p>Distal anterior surface of radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle?

<p>Dorsal surface of base of metacarpal II</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle?

<p>Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Extensor digitorum muscle?

<p>Four tendons, which insert via extensor hoods into the dorsal aspects of the bases of the middle and distal phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Extensor digiti minimi muscle?

<p>Extensor hood of the little finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?

<p>Tubercle on the base of the medial side of metacarpal V</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Anconeus muscle?

<p>Olecranon and proximal posterior surface of ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Supinator muscle?

<p>Superficial part-lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments; deep part-supinator crest of the ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Abductor pollicis longus muscle?

<p>Lateral side of base of metacarpal I</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Extensor pollicis brevis muscle?

<p>Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Extensor indicis muscle?

<p>Extensor hood of index finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the elevation of the scapula?

<p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Deltoid muscle?

<p>Major abductor of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the middle fibers of the Trapezius?

<p>Retracts the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Rhomboid major muscle primarily originates from which of the following vertebrae?

<p>Spinous processes of TII–TV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innervates the Levator scapulae muscle?

<p>Anterior rami of C3 and C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle assists in flexing the arm in addition to being a major abductor?

<p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the Deltoid muscle?

<p>Deltoid tuberosity of humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Rhomboid minor muscle?

<p>Retracts the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles of the Shoulder

  • Trapezius: Originates at the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, and spinous processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae. Inserts on the superior edge of the scapula's spine, acromion, and lateral one-third of the clavicle. Innervated by the accessory nerve (spinal part). Elevates, rotates, and retracts the scapula, and depresses it with lower fibers.

  • Deltoid: Originates from the spine of the scapula, acromion, and lateral clavicle. Inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. Innervated by the axillary nerve (C5, C6). Major abductor of the arm, assists in flexion and extension, and clavicular fibers help flex.

  • Levator Scapulae: Originates from the transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae. Inserts on the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula. Innervated by branches from anterior rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves. Elevates the scapula.

  • Rhomboid Minor: Originates from the ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae. Inserts on the posterior surface of the medial scapular border. Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5). Elevates and retracts the scapula.

  • Rhomboid Major: Originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae. Inserts on the posterior surface of the medial scapular border. Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5). Elevates and retracts the scapula.

Muscles of the Posterior Scapular Region

  • Supraspinatus: Originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula. Inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus. Innervated by the suprascapular nerve (C5, C6). Initiates abduction of the arm to 15 degrees.

  • Infraspinatus: Originates from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula. Inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. Innervated by the suprascapular nerve (C5, C6). Laterally rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

  • Teres Minor: Originates from the lateral border of the scapula. Inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. Innervated by the axillary nerve (C5, C6). Laterally rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

  • Teres Major: Originates from the inferior angle of the scapula. Inserts on the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Innervated by the inferior subscapular nerve (C5, C6, C7). Medially rotates and extends the arm.

  • Long Head of Triceps Brachii: Originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Inserts on the olecranon process of the ulna. Innervated by the radial nerve (C6, C7, C8). Extends the forearm at the elbow and is an accessory adductor and extensor of the arm .

Muscles of the Anterior Wall of the Axilla

  • Pectoralis Major: Originates from the clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages. Inserts on the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1). Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

  • Subclavius: Originates from the first rib. Inserts on the clavicle. Innervated by the nerve to subclavius (C5, C6). Pulls the tip of the shoulder downward and stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint.

  • Pectoralis Minor: Originates from ribs 3-5. Inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula. Innervated by the medial pectoral nerve (C5-T1). Pulls the tip of the shoulder downward and protracts the scapula.

  • Serratus Anterior: Originates from ribs 1-9. Inserts on the costal surface of the medial scapular border. Innervated by the long thoracic nerve (C5-C7). Protracts and rotates the scapula, and keeps the medial border/inferior angle opposed to the thoracic wall.

Muscles of the Lateral and Posterior Wall of the Axilla

  • Subscapularis: Originates from the subscapular fossa of the scapula. Inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-7). Medially rotates the arm.

  • Teres Major: Originates from the inferior angle of the scapula. Inserts on the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Innervated by the lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6, C7). Medially rotates and extends the arm.

  • Latissimus Dorsi: Originates from the lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, and lower ribs. Inserts on the intertubercular groove of the humerus. Innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8). Adducts, medially rotates, and extends the arm.

  • Long Head of Triceps Brachii: Originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Inserts on the olecranon process of the ulna. Innervated by the radial nerve (C6-C8). Extends the forearm.

Superficial Layer of Muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm

  • Flexor carpi ulnaris: Originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and olecranon. Inserts at the pisiform, hamate, and base of the fifth metacarpal. Innervated by the ulnar nerve (C7-T1). Flexes and adducts the wrist.

  • Palmaris Longus Originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Inserts at the palmar aponeurosis. Innervated by the median nerve (C7, C8). Flexes the wrist and resists shearing forces when gripping, anchors skin.

  • Flexor Carpi Radialis Originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Inserts at the bases of the second and third metacarpals. Innervated by the median nerve (C7, C8). Flexes and abducts the wrist.

  • Pronator Teres Originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna. Inserts at the midpoint of the radius. Innervated by the median nerve (C6, C7). Pronates the forearm and flexes the wrist.

Intermediate Layer of Muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm

  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Originates at several humeral and radial locations. Inserts at the middle phalanges. Innervated by the median nerve (C8, T1). Flexes the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers and also can flex the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and wrist.

Deep Layer of Muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm

  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Originates at the ulna. Inserts at the distal phalanges. Innervated by the median nerve (at least for anterior interosseous branch), and ulnar nerve (for most part). Flexes distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, as well as wrist.

  • Flexor Pollicis Longus: Originates at the radius. Inserts at the distal phalanx of the thumb. Innervated by the median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve). Flexes the interphalangeal (IP) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the thumb.

  • Pronator Quadratus: Originates at the anterior ulna. Inserts at the anterior radius. Innervated by the median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve). Pronates the forearm.

Superficial Layer of Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm

  • Brachioradialis: Originates from lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum. Inserts at the lateral surface of the distal radius. Innervated by the radial nerve (C5, C6). Accessory elbow flexor when the forearm is mid-pronated. Extends and abducts the wrist.

  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Originates from the distal part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum. Inserts at the dorsal base of metacarpal II. Innervated by the radial nerve (C6,C7). Extends and abducts the wrist.

  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Inserts at the dorsal base of metacarpal III. Innervated by the radial nerve (C7, C8). Extends and abducts the wrist and also assists in wrist extension.

Deep Layer of Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm

  • Supinator: Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, and annular ligament. Inserts at the lateral surface of the radius. Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (C6, C7). Primarily involved in supination.

  • Abductor Pollicis Longus: Originates from posterior surfaces of the ulna and radius. Inserts at thebase of the metacarpal of the thumb. Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8). Abducts and extends the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints.

  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Posterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane. Inserts at the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8). Extends the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and can extend the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb.

  • Extensor Pollicis Longus: Originates from posterior surface of ulna adjacent to the interosseous membrane. Inserts at the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8). Extends the thumb at the interphalangeal (IP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and CMC joints.

  • Extensor Indidis: Originates from the posterior surface of ulna. Inserts at the extensor hood of the index finger. Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8). Extends the index finger,

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Test your knowledge on the anatomy of shoulder muscles including the trapezius, deltoid, levator scapulae, and rhomboids. This quiz covers their origins, insertions, innervations, and functions. Perfect for students of anatomy and physiology!

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