Unit 1 The Earliest Humans - History 9 PDF

Unit 1: The Earliest Humans 13.8 billion years ago to 6,000 years ago History 9 | Sayre School | Dr. Foster  Start of Class Task ❏ Place your phones in the holder (or off in bag) and keep your laptops away. Today you’ll need your notebook and a writin...

Unit 1: The Earliest Humans 13.8 billion years ago to 6,000 years ago History 9 | Sayre School | Dr. Foster  Start of Class Task ❏ Place your phones in the holder (or off in bag) and keep your laptops away. Today you’ll need your notebook and a writing utensil. ❏ Make sure that you’ve submitted your homework by the end of this icebreaker. ❏ Grab an index card off the front table and add your name. Without using your notes, write down as much information as you can remember from the homework reading. You can use full sentences, paragraphs, bullet points, pictures, etc.  A Look Ahead: 1 The Big Bang 13.8 Billion Years Ago 2 Our Hominin Ancestors 1.2 Billion Years Ago Through 400,000 Years Ago 3 Rise of Homo sapiens 300,000 to 200,000 Years Ago  Major Questions: What were the major traits that distinguished our 1 species (Homo sapiens) and our closest ancestors? How did the global migration of Homo sapiens 2 contribute to increasing cultural and genetic diversification? Where Did Modern Humans Come From?  Timeline of the Universe 13.8  Where Did Modern Humans Come From? It’s Complex & It’s Filled With Chance Origin of Life: The Single-Celled Organism 3.5-3.8 billion years ago Evolutionary Importance Some Were Oxygen Producers Evolved into multicellular organisms (1.2 billion years ago) Dinosaurs and small mammals walked the Earth 240 million years ago, but not humans  Where Did Modern Humans Come From? F E N TO Y M C MO INGEN T CON An asteroid slammed into the Yucatan Peninsula 66 million years ago, wiping out the dinosaurs. Evolution turned out differently by eliminating dinosaurs, the main threat to mammals, and allowing primates develop.  Where Did Modern Humans Come From? Humanity originated in the Afar Depression in Ethiopia in Africa The Afar Depression  r di A Where Did Modern Humans Come From? Apes appear in Africa around 25 Ardipithecus Ramidus million years ago, starting a line of “Hominins” that led to us! u cy Hominins: humans, all extinct L branches of humans, and all our apelike ancestors over the last 7 million years Two Examples (among 18 others!) → Australopithecus afarensis  Where Did Modern Humans Come From? We share up to 98-99% of our genetic material with chimps!  Group Activity: “Uncovering Lucy: The Key to Early Human Evolution” Please put your computer away when you are finished.You and your small group will create a 4-slide presentation on Lucy, the famous Australopithecus afarensis skeletal fossil, to demonstrate your understanding of her significance in the study of human evolution. Please use your computers to look up information – make sure that you are using reputable websites (National Geographic, Wikipedia, PBS, Smithsonian, etc.). You will only submit this to Dr. Foster – you will not present it. Carefully read the instructions & rubric 20 Points  Homework (Always on BB) 1. Read a. Read the sections titled “Bipedalism” + “Brains” (Pgs. 8-11) b. As you read, fill in the worksheet distributed in class. c. This material will appear on quiz. 2. Study for Quiz a. Slides, reading, notes, handouts – everything from this week. BBC Earth Video on Lucy https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/ p02cwmxb  Where Did Modern Humans Come From? We are Homo sapiens and we share DNA and traits with other hominins who were our earliest ancestors. We kept certain skills via natural selection such as:  Where Did Modern Humans Come From? We are Homo sapiens and we share DNA and traits with other hominins who were our earliest ancestors. We kept certain skills via natural selection such as: 1. Bipedalism: The ability to stand and walk upright on two legs.  Where Did Modern Humans Come From? We are Homo sapiens and we share DNA and traits with other hominins who were our earliest ancestors. We kept certain skills via natural selection such as: 1. Bipedalism: The ability to stand and walk upright on two legs. 2. Big Brains: Big, complex, and capable organs that allowed us to think, plan, strategize, socialize, & more.  What Traits Defined Modern Humans From Their Ancestors? Bipedalism Big Brains Stand up straight & walk upright Complex organs that gave us an evolutionary advantage Advantages: ○ 3x bigger than “normal” ○ See danger far ahead ○ Reach new foods (changed our Advantages: diet) ○ Social cooperation ○ Carrying things with arms/hands ○ Pair bonding ○ Fight enemies, throw weapons, run ○ Toolmaking & control of fire away ○ Language Disadvantages: Disadvantages: ○ Requires a LOT of energy ○ Energy guzzlers (require protein/fat) & requires cooling  Where Did Modern Humans Come From? Modern humans developed certain skills via natural selection such as: 1. Bipedalism 2. Big Brains, which we used for: a. Social Cooperation b. Pair Bonding c. Toolmaking d. Control of Fire e. Language  Watch: PBS Documentary First Peoples: Africa Complete the viewing guide while watching  Major Questions: What were the major traits that distinguished our 1 species (Homo sapiens) and our closest ancestors? How did the global migration of Homo sapiens 2 contribute to increasing cultural and genetic diversification? Everything Changes When We Stand Up Homo Erectus is the first  Why Do We Migrate? Definition: The movement of animals/people from one region to another. The Migration of Early Humans The Final Four Homo Erectus / Neanderthals The Final Four Homo Erectus / Neanderthals Denisovans The Final Four Homo Erectus / Neanderthals Denisovans “Hobbits” The Final Four Homo Erectus / Neanderthals Denisovans “Hobbits” Homo sapiens The Final Four Homo Erectus / Neanderthals Denisovans “Hobbits” Homo sapiens The movement and settlement of early Homo sapiens were heavily influenced by climate changes during the last ice age (130,000-12,000 years ago) Sapiens Migrated Due To Climate Change The Ice Age (75,000 years ago) was Bering Strait cold and dry, forcing humans to to migrate to warmer, weather regions. Americas Sea levels drop (due to ice), exposing land bridges like the Bering Strait connecting Siberia and Alaska. Harsh conditions encouraged innovation, learning, new tools, and survival strategies. Bering Strait to Americas So it’s now just the Homo Sapiens….but why did the others vanish? We don’t know…We just have X X theories. X X Theory 1: Conflict Over Resources Theory 2: Interbreeding (Pair Bonding) Migration Encourages Genetic & Cultural Diversity Genes became more diverse as they spread around the world. New physical traits such as skin color, body size, hair texture, and more due to different environments. New environments caused new clothing, hunting techniques, & tool-making. Advantage over animals that had never encountered humans out of Africa = BIG GAME HUNTING First Messages Written in Stone Example: Petroglyphs  The Paleolithic Era (Up to 13,000 Years Ago) Defined: A prehistoric period called the “Old Stone Age” – determined by the stone tools that they used. Paleolithic Culture & Art Use formative to read & answer questions about art & culture during the Paleolithic Era. Reading: Art of the Paleolithic  STUDY DAY – TEST ON MONDAY Test Format Test Format: 10 Closed Ended Questions (MCQ, T/F, Select All, Etc.) 2 Identification Responses ○ I’ll give you 4, you select and write about 2. 1 Short Answer (1 of the 2 main questions from this unit) *Test designed to take 30 minutes, but I’ll give everyone the entire class to finish it*  How to Study For The Test: Readings: ○ Textbook, 1-23 ○ Art of the Paleolithic Handouts & Worksheets: ○ Your Lucy Slideshow ○ Human Traits Note Packet ○ Map of Human Migration & Bering Strait ○ Viewing Guide for First People's PBS Episode ○ Neanderthal, Denisovan, and Hobbit's Worksheet ○ How to Write an ID Your Notes, Formative Assignments, and Projects Unit 1 Slideshow  STUDY DAY – TEST ON MONDAY Vocabulary Practice ❏ Grab a blank Crossword Puzzle (2 SHEETS) off of the front table. Use your notes, the slides (these are on the main page of our Blackbaud course), the textbook, etc. You can work in pairs. ❏ This is the FIRST part of studying – be sure you hold onto this and study it.  STUDY DAY – TEST ON MONDAY Practice Writing ID’s ID questions that appear on tests/quizzes are open-ended and allow you to write a small paragraph using the information you’ve learned about a particular topic. Generally, each ID response should include the following: Who or what is the thing you are asked to identify? What did they do, or what was the action associated with it? When did this happen, or when did they live? Where is the culture or geographic location in which this thing is important? Why (significance) is this important to understand? What is its historical, religious or cultural significance? Why does this help us to understand ancient history and world history more broadly? This is where students lose the most points. Why? Because you need to tell me WHY this ID matters to our study of the past, the study of humanity, etc.  STUDY DAY – TEST ON MONDAY Short Response Prompts ONE OF THESE TWO QUESTIONS WILL APPEAR ON THE TEST: What were the major traits that distinguished our 1 species (Homo sapiens) and our closest ancestors? How did the global migration of Homo sapiens 2 contribute to increasing cultural and genetic diversification?